特种装备项目的节能评估方法研究

特种装备的购置及改造项目属于固定资产投资范畴,在审批环节中应进行节能审查。本文以科学考察船为例,基于分析科学考察船与其他类固定资产的不同,阐述了科学考察船建设方案的节能评估、能源消费种类及能耗测算方法,并就评估过程中存在的问题提出了相关建议。     

能耗吸收装置在城市轨道交通系统中的应用

介绍了城市轨道交通系统能耗吸收装置的原理和组成,分析了能耗吸收装置的能量吸收过程和系统控制方式,总结了能耗吸收装置运用过程中的故障种类、故障现象及相应的故障解决方法。     

Integrated design optimization of spar floating wind turbines

A linearized aero-hydro-servo-elastic floating wind turbine model is presented and used to perform integrated design optimization of the platform, tower, mooring system, and blade-pitch controller for a 10 MW spar floating wind turbine. Optimal design solutions are found using gradient-based optimization with analytic derivatives, considering both fatigue and extreme response constraints, where the objective function is a weighted combination of system cost and power quality. Optimization results show that local minima exist both in the soft-stiff and stiff-stiff range for the first tower bending mode and that a stiff-stiff tower design is needed to reach a solution that satisfies the fatigue constraints. The optimized platform has a relatively small diameter in the wave zone to limit the wave loads on the structure and an hourglass shape far below the waterline. The shape increases the restoring moment and natural frequency in pitch, which leads to improved behaviour in the low-frequency range. The importance of integrated optimization is shown in the solutions for the tower and blade-pitch control system, which are clearly affected by the simultaneous design of the platform. State-of-the-art nonlinear time-domain analyses show that the linearized model is conservative in general, but reasonably accurate in capturing trends, suggesting that the presented methodology is suitable for preliminary integrated design calculations.     

Simplified buckling-and-contact-based expansion method for assessment of crashworthiness of double-hulled ship structure

Ship-to-ship collision events can have severe consequences such as loss of life and environmental degradation. For this reason, modern ship designs are required to incorporate a double-hulled structure to prevent inner-hull damage from such events. Using the experimental or numerical method to analyze the crashworthiness of double-hulled ship structures entails much effort, for which reason neither method is easy to adopt at the early design stage. In this paper, an existing simplified method called Ito's method is improved by a new buckling-and-contact-based expansion method. This method can be applied to double-hulled-structure or outer-hull-local-rupture failure mode. The perpendicular bow-to-side collision scenario is assumed for a conservative estimation of damage to a double-hulled structure. The method was verified in the present study by numerical ship collision simulations of several cases. The results for the buckling-and-contact-based expansion method and numerical simulation were similar for a blunt shape of striking body but different for a sharp shape.     

厚壁球壳的杂交／混合有限元分析

本文对８一节点四边形轴对称杂交／混合元ＡＸＨＭ１６进行了系列考核：（１）考查ＡＸＨＭ１６是否含有零能变形模式，以查明它的含秩状况；（２）通过受内压作用的厚壁球壳考题，观察ＡＸＨＭ１６的转轴不变性和其它性能表现。事实表明：ＡＸＨＭ１６满足单元合理足秩的必要条件和充分条件，不含零能变形模式，单刚合足秩。数值考核表明：ＡＸＨＭ１６具有很好的位移精度和应力精度，对坐标转轴的敏感程度并不明显，且在近乎相同的     

Performance Comparison and Analysis of Heating and Ventilation of Two Kinds of Roof Solar Collectors

Two roof solar collectors (RSCs), conventional single pass RSC and new double pass RSC, were compared. The new roof solar collector, which is formed by integrating a double pass solar air collector with the roof of the building, can be operated more efficiently for space heating in winter, and for natural ventilation in other seasons. To evaluate the performances of the two RSCs for both space heating and natural ventilation, a single traditional Chinese style house, on which the two RSCs will be mounted, was developed. The efficiency of solar energy conversion for the new RSC is higher than that of the single pass one by 10% on average, and the ventilation rate contributed by natural ventilation for the new RSC can be improved to a great extent for most cases, indicating that the new RSC is superior to the single pass one from the viewpoint of both space heating and natural ventilation. The new RSC is more potential for improving indoor thermal environment and energy saving of buildings.     

城市轨道车辆的自动控制

本文概述了城市轨道车辆的运行特点;节能的最佳运行方式;功率电子技术在驱动装置上的应用;城市轨道车辆自动控制的分类及主要任务;微型计算机在城市轨道车辆自动控制方面的应用;典型自动控制设备的特点.     

城市轨道车辆节能运行方式的研究

本文通过对完成两站之间牵引任务能耗的分析和对城市轨道车辆运行方式的分析,找出了影响能耗的关键,得出了在城市站距较短的条件下快速轨道电车的最佳运行方式.最后讨论影响能耗主要参数选择的一些考虑.     

破碎能耗的分维数

利用分形和分维数基本概念，导出破碎粒度分布的分维数和分裂比、粉碎概率互相存在的简单关系，从能耗与表面积相关出发，推出单位体积破碎能耗与粒度分布的分维数的相关性；当破碎粒度分布的分维数小于1，破碎能耗呈现自然分形的特征．     

公路隧道太阳光、电能混合照明技术初探

目前太阳光照明已经运用到建筑室内、地下空间,但在隧道照明工程中还有待开发。文章提出了如何将太阳光通过太阳光跟踪和汇聚系统、太阳光镜面反射系统引入隧道和电能照明互相补充,解决隧道洞口段照明问题,并初步阐述了太阳光、电能混合照明技术的设计思路及其实施的可行性。