我国新能源汽车产业发展综述

通过对我国新能源汽车历史发展的回顾及现状总结,分析了新能源汽车发展面临机遇及难题。     

汽车动力传动系的冷却润滑和排气系热能回收

为了提高汽车动力传动系的冷却润滑效能,减少内燃机等高温、润滑不良产生的排放和噪声污染,保证冷启动性能,文章对汽车冷却、润滑和排气系统进行技术性能的分析,表明：精准测量内燃机冷却、润滑系温度和压力,能有效提升燃烧热效率、经济性和输出功率各约2％;高效利用内燃机冷却系余热用于除霜除雾,可以保证舒适性和安全性;理论分析内燃机排气系热能并回收利用,可以减少电磁辐射,改善环境.     

Development of low-CO2-emission vehicles and utilization of local renewable energy for the vitalization of rural areas in Japan

Most of Japan's energy supply depends on imports from foreign countries, making the independence ratio of energy in Japan very low. The Fukushima nuclear power plant accident triggered by the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami led to a mass shutdown of all the nuclear plants in Japan, a stoppage that is still in effect. In this paper, we review the energy supply situation and some social problems faced by rural areas in Japan. Given that lifestyles in rural Japan are reliant on automobiles, there is significant demand for the establishment of a sustainable mobility society. Furthermore, Japan is now entering an aging society ahead of other countries. In order to enhance the vitalization of rural areas and accelerate the establishment of sustainable society, our project developed low-CO₂-emission vehicles (i.e., a single-driver EV [micro-EV] and a low-speed E-bus) for elderly people and tourists through the cooperation of regional industries, a local university, and a city office. This paper also reports some trial test results on renewable energy utilization as the driving energy supply for these low-emission vehicles.     

采用电磁直线电机的主动悬架控制系统的设计与能量分析

针对因特殊的动力布置形式导致的轮边驱动电动汽车操稳性和平顺性之间冲突,本文中提出了一种新式电磁直线电机式悬架系统的主动控制系统。考虑到其能量回收性能不佳的弊端,基于LQR控制设计了一种包含能量管理单元的能量回收控制器,并在Matlab/Simulink中对整个系统进行了仿真。结果表明,所设计的能量回收控制器不仅能够改善汽车的操稳性和平顺性,而且能有效回收汽车悬架的振动能量。     

基于能量法的车辆稳定性判断研究

本文中对汽车的操纵稳定性控制系统中车辆失稳的判断进行研究。采用能量法推导了车辆的失稳动能与纵向运动动能方程式,并将二者的比值定义为失稳能量比,而基于相平面法提出了车辆的稳定性判据,以判断车辆的行驶稳定状态。最后使用Vedyna软件进行车辆的仿真分析,结果验证了该稳定性判断的有效性。     

植被碳汇计算方法在路域生态系统的应用前景

通过对模型模拟法、现场实测法、遥感估算法、通量观测法四种主要的陆地生态系统植被碳汇计算方法的归纳、总结,对比分析了四种方法的优缺点.在分析路域生态系统特点的基础上,探讨了四种植被碳汇计算方法在路域生态系统中应用的可行性.结果表明:四种植被碳汇计算方法在路域生态系统的应用具备一定的可行性,但是需要根据环境特点、公路特征和研究目的进行合理选择、调整和组合.然而,目前尚缺乏应用案例,实证研究亟待加强.因此,针对研究现状,对交通行业今后的植被碳汇研究工作提出了建议,以期为我国公路路域植被碳汇计算及相关研究提供有益的借鉴.     

Damping of Oblique Ocean Waves by a Vertical Porous Structure Placed on a Multi-step Bottom

Oblique ocean wave damping by a vertical porous structure placed on a multi-step bottom topography is studied with the help of linear water wave theory. Some portion of the oblique wave, incident on the porous structure, gets reflected by the multi-step bottom and the porous structure, and the rest propagates into the water medium following the porous structure. Two cases are considered： first a solid vertical wall placed at a finite distance from the porous structure in the water medium following the porous structure and then a special case of an unbounded water medium following the porous structure. In both cases, boundary value problems are set up in three different media, the first medium being water, the second medium being the porous structure consisting ofp vertical regions-one above each step and the third medium being water again. By using the matching conditions along the virtualvertical boundaries, a system of linear equations is deduced. The behavior of the reflection coefficient and the dimensionless amplitude of the transmitted progressive wave due to different relevant parameters are studied. Energy loss due to the propagation of oblique water wave through the porous structure is also carried out. The effects of various parameters, such as number of evanescent modes, porosity, friction factor, structure width, number of steps and angle of incidence, on the reflection coefficient and the dimensionless amplitude of the transmitted wave are studied graphically for both cases. Number of evanescent modes merely affects the scattering phenomenon. But higher values of porosity show relatively lower reflection than that for lower porosity. Oscillation in the reflection coefficient is observed for lower values of friction factor but it disappears with an increase in the value of friction factor. Amplitude of the transmitted progressive wave is independent of the porosity of the structure. But lower value of friction factor causes higher transmission. The investigation is then carried out for the second ca     

高速破片侵彻下高分子聚乙烯层合板的弹道极限估算方法

为了得到弹道冲击下高分子聚乙烯（UHMWPE）层合板的弹道极限估算方法,提出四阶段吸能模型,分析3.3 g立方体破片高速侵彻不同厚度UHMWPE层合板的吸能过程,并在此基础上提出UHMWPE层合板在高速侵彻作用下弹道极限的估算方法,分析不同板厚UHMWPE层合板在弹道极限下不同吸能方式吸收能量的比例。结果表明：在弹道极限情况下,复合材料层合板的主要吸能方式为剪切破坏吸能、压缩破坏吸能、层合板的结构运动吸能和纤维拉伸变形吸能,且剪切破坏吸能、压缩破坏吸能和结构运动吸能在总吸能中的比例是随板厚的增加而增大,纤维拉伸变形吸能的比例则是随板厚的增加而减小;在高速侵彻作用下,UHMWPE弹道极限的估算方法与试验结果吻合良好。     

舰船舱室噪声综合预报及声学优化设计

应用统计能量分析方法分析某船典型舱段舱室噪声,从船舶舱室噪声的传递途径入手,找到船舶舱室噪声主导传递途径、主导分量,开展典型舱室噪声综合预报,探索船舶典型舱室振动噪声的优化设计方案,在此基础上,提出典型舱室噪声的减振降噪措施。     

机舱平台附近居住舱室自噪声特性分析

基于统计能量法,建立某型船全船舱室统计能量法计算分析模型,分析振动激励源和空气激励源对于机舱平台附近居住舱室噪声特性的影响,得到了主要的噪声激励源及其分布位置,并讨论了不同位置的激励源对机舱附近居住舱室噪声的贡献量大小。研究结果表明:不同位置的振动激励源对机舱平台附近居住舱舱室噪声贡献量也不一样,离考核舱室越近的振动激励源对其舱室噪声的贡献量越大,通过对比降噪方案,得到一种机舱平台附近居住舱室噪声最优化的减振降噪方法。