海洋平台火炬塔筒体结构应力分析

针对海洋平台火炬塔筒体结构强度设计问题,采用Ansys软件的静力学模块对单个火炬塔筒体和3个火炬塔筒体进行静力分析,得到不同工况条件下的结构应力值和变形位移值。结果表明,单个火炬塔筒体可承受的最大压力载荷大于3个火炬塔筒体可承受的最大压力载荷。火炬塔筒体的分析方法和结果对后续石油化工废气处理装置的设计和安装具有一定的指导意义。     

Simulated responses of the Gulf of Mexico hypoxia to variations in climate and anthropogenic nutrient loading

A mathematical model was used to simulate monthly responses of the Gulf of Mexico hypoxia to variations in climate and anthropogenic nutrient loading over a 45-year period. We examined six hypothetical future scenarios that are based on observed and projected changes in the Mississippi River discharge, Mississippi River nitrate concentrations, and ambient water temperatures. In particular, we investigated the implications of a 30% decrease in the Mississippi River nitrogen flux, which was recently proposed by the Mississippi River Watershed/Gulf of Mexico Hypoxia Task Force as a measure to reduce the size of the hypoxic zone. Model simulations suggest that the frequency of hypoxia in the northern Gulf of Mexico is highly sensitive to variations in riverine nitrate flux, but also to variations in freshwater discharge and ambient water temperatures. A 30% decrease in the Mississippi River nitrate flux, for example, would reduce the frequency of hypoxia by 37%. Nevertheless, a 20% increase the Mississippi River discharge, which may occur under some climate change scenarios, would produce an increase in the frequency of hypoxia of the same magnitude. Thus, if the potential climatic variations are taken into account, a 30% decrease in the nitrogen flux of the Mississippi River may not be sufficient to accomplish the proposed hypoxia management goal.     

矩形基础地基极限承载力计算理论探讨

基于空间曲面上一点的应力分析,得出了曲面上一点的法向应力、剪应力与应力分量、曲面一阶偏导数的关系。建立了曲面至地基表面土柱上力的微分平衡方程、力的平衡方程、力矩平衡方程。以上方程和库仑屈服条件一起,构成了地基极限承载力问题普遍适用的基本方程。采用与二维条件的简化Bishop法类似假定,对矩形基础地基承载力的计算问题进行了探讨。算例表明,文中方法计算结果是合理的,为研究三维条件的地基极限承载力提供了一套方法。     

船舶电站负荷扰动下轴系瞬时转速的动态仿真

受到大负荷扰动后,船舶电站的参数将发生较大变化.从发电柴油机、电力负荷、发电机及励磁调节系统方面建立柴油机瞬时转速的动态模型,并从气缸做功和负载方面对瞬时转速变化方面进行分析.依据发电柴油机的不同负荷类型,分别从恒定阻抗法、电动机机电暂态过程动态特性、负荷的静态特性三方面进行归类计算,提高了负荷的动态和静态仿真性能,励磁系统则采用三阶实用模型.最后利用Matlab/SIMULINK进行了系统的静态、暂态和动态稳定性分析.     

大型油船槽形舱壁结构形式设计及模糊综合评判

文章从规范设计角度入手,设计采用单面斜壁顶凳、双面直壁顶凳、双面直壁较矮顶凳和横舱壁无顶凳四种顶凳结构形式的槽形舱壁,并进行强度评估.在满足规范要求的前提下,考虑到最大货舱舱容、最轻空船重量、最小应力、最佳工艺性等主要技术指标进行模糊综合评判,优选出综合经济性最好的结构形式.     

基于遗传算法的舰船舱段可靠性优化设计

遗传算法在引入动态自适应策略和"免疫算子"之后,其收敛效率有了较大的提高。对于以可靠性作为约束的随机结构系统优化问题,以罚函数法为基础,构造了有效的约束与目标函数向适应值函数的映射公式。建立合理的安全余量,采用随机有限元法处理结构分析中所涉及的有关参量的随机性,计算结构响应和敏度分析,并进行系统的可靠性计算。通过两种算法的结合,利用自适应免疫遗传算法、随机有限元法及可靠性的基本理论,建立了一套完整的基于遗传算法与随机有限元的结构系统可靠性优化设计方法。对舰船舱段结构梁系截面的优化计算结果表明,算法对多随机因素结构系统的可靠性优化具有良好的收敛效果。     

Using a random displacement model to simulate turbulent particle motion in a baroclinic frontal zone: A new implementation scheme and model performance tests

Numerical artifacts can limit accurate simulation of turbulent particle motion when Lagrangian particle-tracking models are implemented in hydrodynamic models with stratified conditions like fronts. Yet, modeling of individual particle motion in frontal regions is critical for understanding sediment dynamics as well as the transport and retention of planktonic organisms. The objective of this research was to develop a numerical technique to accurately simulate turbulent particle motions in a particle-tracking model embedded within a hydrodynamic model of a frontal zone. A new interpolation scheme, the ‘water column profile’ scheme, was developed and used to implement a random displacement model for turbulent particle motions. A new interpolation scheme was necessary because linear interpolation schemes caused artificial aggregation of particles where abrupt changes in vertical diffusivity occurred. The new ‘water column profile’ scheme was used to fit a continuous function (a tension spline) to a smoothed profile of vertical diffusivities at the x–y particle location. The new implementation scheme was checked for artifacts and compared with a standard random walk model using (1) Well Mixed Condition tests, and (2) dye-release experiments. The Well Mixed Condition tests confirmed that the use of the ‘water column profile’ interpolation scheme for implementing the random displacement model significantly reduced numerical artifacts. In dye-release experiments, high concentrations of Eulerian tracer and Lagrangian particles were released at the same location up-estuary of the salt front and tracked for 4 days. After small differences in initial dispersal rates, tracer and particle distributions remained highly correlated (r = 0.84 to 0.99) when a random displacement model was implemented in the particle-tracking model. In contrast, correlation coefficients were substantially lower (r = 0.07 to 0.58) when a random walk model was implemented. In general, model performance tests indicated that the ‘water column interpolation’ scheme was an effective technique for implementing a random displacement model within a hydrodynamic model, and both could be used to accurately simulate diffusion in a highly baroclinic frontal region. The new implementation scheme has the potential to be a useful tool for investigating the influence of hydrodynamic variability on the transport of sediment particles and planktonic organisms in frontal zones.     

基于Petri网的虚拟维修手部动素建模

针对虚拟维修仿真中手部动作仿真难度大、不容易控制的问题,提出基于Petri网手部维修动素模型,将虚拟维修手部动作根据维修操作封装为若干动素单元的组合,降低了仿真计算的难度,从而提高手部动作控制的精确性,以螺栓拆卸的手部动作建模过程为例进行验证。     

基于FTA的渔船海损事故分析

事故树分析(FTA)是一种重要而常用的系统安全分析方法。将该方法运用到了渔船海事分析中,并以渔船触礁事故为例运用事故树描述事故的因果关系,进行定性分析,确定出事故的主要因素,提出了事故的控制措施。研究结果表明,在渔船海损事故分析中应用事故树分析方法,有利于对事故的全面分析,便于找出引发事故的直接原因,总结经验,提出事故预防措施,降低事故发生率,保障渔业生产的健康发展。     

散货船横向强度有限元分析

利用MSC/Nastran软件探讨了散货船横向强度的计算方法.文中给出了外载荷的计算方法和边界条件的施加方法,并在五种工况下对一散货船进行了横向强度分析.通过有限元分析得到的结论可用于指导散货船的结构设计与优化.计算结果表明结构响应满足强度要求.