Using automated walking gait analysis for the identification of pedestrian attributes

Collecting microscopic pedestrian behavior and characteristics data is important for optimizing the design of pedestrian facilities for safety, efficiency, and comfortability. This paper provides a framework for the automated classification of pedestrian attributes such as age and gender based on information extracted from their walking gait behavior. The framework extends earlier work on the automated analysis of gait parameters to include analysis of the gait acceleration data which can enable the quantification of the variability, rhythmic pattern and stability of pedestrian’s gait. In this framework, computer vision techniques are used for the automatic detection and tracking of pedestrians in an open environment resulting in pedestrian trajectories and the speed and acceleration dynamic profiles. A collection of gait features are then derived from those dynamic profiles and used for the classification of pedestrian attributes. The gait features include conventional gait parameters such as gait length and frequency and dynamic parameters related to gait variations and stability measures. Two different techniques are used for the classification: a supervised k-Nearest Neighbors (k-NN) algorithm and a newly developed semi-supervised spectral clustering. The classification framework is demonstrated with two case studies from Vancouver, British Columbia and Oakland, California. The results show the superiority of features sets including gait variations and stability measures over features relying only on conventional gait parameters. For gender, correct classification rates (CCR) of 80% and 94% were achieved for the Vancouver and Oakland case studies, respectively. The classification accuracy for gender was higher in the Oakland case which only considered pedestrians walking alone. Pedestrian age classification resulted in a CCR of 90% for the Oakland case study.     

断层破碎带隧道衬砌静力稳定性分析

结合一实际工程,选取包括断层破碎带和断层影响带在内的沿隧道纵向300m的计算区域,用八节点六面块体单元将计算区域离散化,采用三维弹塑性静力有限元法模拟分析隧道各个施工阶段,以及建成后围岩和衬砌的受力与变形状态。通过分析比较可知:(1)断层破碎带处的坑道变形和围岩塑性区均明显比非断层破碎带处要大;(2)由于断层破碎带的影响,初期支护、二次衬砌内力的增加幅度约为10%～30%。     

兰州市五人制足球运动开展现状调查分析

本文运用文献资料法、专家访谈法、问卷调查法、数理统计法对兰州市五人制足球运动的开展规模、教练员情况、场地设施、社会参与人群状况等问题进行调查分析,提出了针对性建议,旨在为进一步推动兰州市五人制足球的健康快速发展,同时促进兰州市足球运动的普及与提高尽一份力。     

基于瞬态法的行李箱盖动态干涉研究

行车过程中行李箱盖在路面激励载荷作用下发生振动,当振动量超过行李箱盖和车身分缝间距时,就会发生干涉,导致漆膜破裂。文章利用有限元方法对汽车行李箱盖进行瞬态响应分析,并对其进行优化,最终经过台架试验和道路试验验证方案有效。为行李箱盖总成设计开发提供理论依据,并完善行李箱盖设计规范。     

A new composite decision support framework for strategic and sustainable transport appraisals

This paper concerns the development of a new decision support framework for the appraisal of transport infrastructure projects. In such appraisals there will often be a need for including both conventional transport impacts as well as criteria of a more strategic and/or sustainable character. The proposed framework is based on the use of cost-benefit analysis featuring feasibility risk assessment in combination with multi-criteria decision analysis and is supported by the concept of decision conferencing. The framework is applied for a transport related case study dealing with the complex decision problem of determining the most attractive alternative for a new fixed link between Denmark and Sweden – the so-called HH-connection. Applying the framework to the case study made it possible to address the decision problem from an economic, a strategic, and a sustainable point of view simultaneously. The outcome of the case study demonstrates the decision making framework as a valuable decision support system (DSS), and it is concluded that appraisals of transport projects can be effectively supported by the use of the DSS. Finally, perspectives of the future modelling work are given.     

高速铁路软土路基施工过程中整体稳定性分析

随着我国经济建设的不断发展以及运输系统要求的提高,大量高速铁路在我国广泛修建。然而,在软土区域修建高速铁路,路基施工过程中的整体稳定性一直备受关注。结合工程实例,借助有限元分析的方法,建立三维模型,对路基施工过程整体稳定性进行分析,研究方法及结论能为类似工程设计及施工提供参考依据。     

海上平台发电机房的减噪设计

简述了海上平台发电机房通风设计方案中使用噪音分析研究的流程,介绍了建立几何模型、输入数据得到噪音预报,得出分析结果,最终完成设计方案优化,为海上平台发电机房通风设计提供了参考.     

An integrated methodology for the design of mooring systems and risers

Traditionally, the design of mooring lines and risers of floating production systems (FPS) has been performed separately, by different teams, employing uncoupled analysis tools that do not consider the nonlinear interaction between the platform hull and the mooring lines and risers. Design processes have been focused on fulfilling the design criteria of the respective component (mooring/riser) alone, with few or no consideration to the other component, and little interaction between the design teams. Nowadays the importance of employing analysis tools based on coupled formulations is widely recognized, and analysis strategies have been proposed to consider feedback between mooring lines and risers within their respective design processes.In this context, this work details a proposal of one single and fully integrated design methodology for mooring systems and risers for deep-water FPS. In this methodology, the design stages of both risers and mooring lines are incorporated in a single spiral, allowing the full interaction of different teams; mooring design implicitly considers the riser integrity, and vice-versa, leading to gains in efficiency and cost reduction.Different analysis strategies are employed, taking advantage of uncoupled and coupled numerical models. The models generated at the initial/intermediate design stages can be reused in subsequent stages: simpler models are used in the initial stages, and more refined models are gradually introduced, to reach an ideal balance between computational cost and accuracy of results. In the advanced stages, the exchange of information between mooring/riser also allows the definition of criteria for the selection of governing/critical loading cases to be revised and verified in detail. This leads to the reduction of the original loading case matrix, allowing a feasible use of time-consuming fully coupled analysis.Results of a case study illustrating the application of some of the main processes of the methodology are included.     

由支柱绝缘子引起定子一点接地故障原因浅析及处理

离相封闭母线因高可靠性、经济性和易维护在发电机引出线回路及厂用分支回路得到广泛应用，但在安装、运行中仍会出现一些问题。本文介绍了一起接地故障的查找、分析及处理情况，以为同行提供借鉴。     

Cost overruns and demand shortfalls – Deception or selection?

A number of highly cited papers by Flyvbjerg and associates have shown that ex ante infrastructure appraisals tend to be overly optimistic. Ex post evaluations indicate a bias where investment costs are higher and benefits lower on average than predicted ex ante. These authors argue that the bias must be attributed to intentional misrepresentation by project developers. This paper shows that the bias may arise simply as a selection bias, without there being any bias at all in predictions ex ante, and that such a bias is bound to arise whenever ex ante predictions are related to the decisions whether to implement projects. Using a database of projects we present examples indicating that the selection bias may be substantial. The examples also indicate that benefit–cost ratios remain a useful selection criterion even when cost and benefits are highly uncertain, gainsaying the argument that such uncertainties render cost-benefit analyses useless.