不同阻尼计算模式对斜拉桥地震响应分析的影响

大跨度斜拉桥阻尼组成复杂,各阶振型的阻尼差别较大。为了研究阻尼计算模式对斜拉桥地震响应分析结果的影响,以主跨448 m的杭州湾跨海大桥北航道桥为对象,对应用考虑结构阻尼分布影响的振型应变能比例阻尼理论、常数阻尼、Rayleigh阻尼理论的适用性进行分析。结果表明,地震响应结果与所用的阻尼理论有关,常数阻尼不能很好反映结构的阻尼特性,而Rayleigh阻尼模式的计算结果取决于选取的参考振型,在较大的频率范围内存在过大或过小估计结构阻尼的问题,具有很大的随意性。相比之下,振型应变能比例阻尼理论能够考虑斜拉桥阻尼的分布特性,比较合理。     

环境随机激励下高速客车的工作模态分析

根据线性系统在环境激励下各输出点响应之间的相关函数与脉冲响应函数具有相类似的数学表达式,得出了互相关函数理论可同多种经典时域模态分析方法(如:多参考点LSCE法)相结合进行环境激励下模态参数识别的方法。在试验台上以白噪声激励模拟环境激励,对新试制的300km/h高速铰接式试验客车进行了工作状态下的模态试验和分析,并与传统的模态识别法(FRF)进行了对比和分析。试验结果显示,二种方法对模态频率和阻尼比的识别误差分别不超过5.4%和9.9%。这表明,利用环境激励法进行系统工作状态下的模态参数识别是行之有效的,该法可推广应用于在实际线路上运行的各类车辆的模态试验和分析。     

微分法在有限元分析中的应用

基于有限元原理及结构的平衡微分方程,提出了一种求解结构单元形函数的方法。首先,根据结构单元的变形微分方程求解结构变形的常系数解析式;其次,根据单元的边界条件求解相应的系数表达式,并将求出的系数表达式代到解析式中,形成关于单元局部坐标的解析式;最后,提取单元节点广义位移向量,形成单元的形函数矩阵。运用所提出的方法对结构典型杆单元、梁单元的形函数进行求解后发现,所获得的形函数与相关文献提供的形函数完全一致,表明所提方法正确有效,并且同样适用于其他结构单元形函数的求解,从而为有限元的进一步推广和拓展提供了一条行之有效的途径。     

分层圆弧峡谷SV波地震差动模拟理论与桥梁破坏模式

为了探究局部地形及场地分层因素对地下多点地震动的影响，建立了分层圆弧峡谷模型，并进行了目标场地多点地震动模拟程序的开发和验证。在此基础上，对一跨越该场地的刚构桥进行了考虑多点激励作用下的地震反应分析。具体内容包括：首先，在推导得到SV波入射层状圆弧峡谷地震反应频域解基础上，依据规范谱确定矩阵的峡谷各位置自谱（绝对值），联合自谱和峡谷相干函数得到互谱，进而与自谱共同构造出功率谱矩阵。由此同时体现了峡谷局部场地三大典型物理效应：散射、相干和分层效应，奠定了SV波入射下层状峡谷多点地震动模拟的基础，填补了由于竖向边界条件难以满足而大多受限于SH波入射理论解研究的空白。其次，基于上述结果，编制代码和可视化开发，实现理论方法程序化，并验证其可行性和可靠性。最后，为研究SV波输入下分层和峡谷效应多点激励对结构的影响，针对一峡谷桥梁进行模型建立、修正、多点地震反应计算以及分析比较。结果表明：①分层效应对结构反应影响明显，传统均匀介质的假定所带来的影响不容忽视；②采用传统适用于平整场地多点地震动作为激励，会导致与峡谷地形多点地震反应差别明显，且会低估结构反应；③SV波斜入射多点激励下所产生地震动的空间变异性，会使得地震反应计算结果幅值出现明显增大现象。该理论方法、程序开发可供类似工程场地分析参考。     

Microbial food web responses to light and nutrients beneath the coastal Arctic Ocean sea ice during the winter–spring transition

We measured the abundance and biomass of phototrophic and heterotrophic microbes in the upper mixed layer of the water column in ice-covered Franklin Bay, Beaufort Sea, Canada, from December 2003 to May 2004, and evaluated the influence of light and nutrients on these communities by way of a shipboard enrichment experiment. Bacterial cell concentrations showed no consistent trends throughout the sampling period, averaging (± SD) 2.4 (0.9) × 10⁸ cells L^− 1; integrated bacterial biomass for the upper mixed layer ranged from 1.33 mg C m^− 3 to 3.60 mg C m^− 3. Small cells numerically dominated the heterotrophic protist community in both winter and spring, but in terms of biomass, protists with a diameter > 10 µm generally dominated the standing stocks. Heterotrophic protist biomass integrated over the upper mixed layer ranged from 1.23 mg C m^− 3 to 6.56 mg C m^− 3. Phytoplankton biomass was low and variable, but persisted during the winter period. The standing stock of pigment-containing protists ranged from a minimum value of 0.38 mg C m^− 3 in winter to a maximal value of 6.09 mg C m^− 3 in spring and the most abundant taxa were Micromonas-like cells. These picoprasinophytes began to increase under the ice in February and their population size was positively correlated with surface irradiance. Despite the continuing presence of sea ice, phytoplankton biomass rose by more than an order of magnitude in the upper mixed layer by May. The shipboard experiment in April showed that this phototrophic increase in the community was not responsive to pulsed nutrient enrichment, with all treatments showing a strong growth response to improved irradiance conditions. Molecular (DGGE) and microscopic analyses indicated that most components of the eukaryotic community responded positively to the light treatment. These results show the persistence of a phototrophic inoculum throughout winter darkness, and the strong seasonal response by arctic microbial food webs to sub-ice irradiance in early spring.     

Ship appearance optimal design on RCS reduction using response surface method and genetic algorithms

Radar cross section (RCS) reduction technologies are very important in survivability of the militarynaval vessels. Ship appearance shaping as an effective countermeasure of RCS reduction redirects the scatteredenergy from one angular region of interest in space to another region of little interest. To decrease the scatteringelectromagnetic signals from ship scientifically, optimization methods should be introduced in shaping design.Based on the assumption of the characteristic section design method, mathematical formulations for optimalshaping design were established. Because of the computation-intensive analysis and singularity in shapingoptimization, the response surface method (RSM) combined genetic algorithm (GA) was proposed. The poly-nomial response surface method was adopted in model approximation. Then genetic algorithms were employedto solve the surrogate optimization problem. By comparison RCS of the conventional and the optimal design,the superiority and effectiveness of proposed design methodology were verified.Ky words: radar cross section (RCS); characteristic section design method; response surface method; genetic algorithm (GA) was proposed. The polynomial response surface method was adopted in model approximation. Then genetic algorithms were employed to solve the surrogate optimization problem. By comparison RCS of the conventional and the optimal design, the superiority and effectiveness of proposed design methodology were verified.     

相似理论在分节驳结构模型试验中的应用

本文讨论了相似理论在分节驳模型试验中的应用。依据相似理论的基本原理,详细讨论了由模型试验结果去预报实船结构应力的可行性,提出了模型产生畸变的情况下,模型畸变的修正方法——有限元预测系数法。通过计算给出了进行模型畸变修正的δ_p-C_t曲线。     

SS5型客运电力机车(7)——TZZ6型制动电组装置和TDZ1A-250/25A型空气断路器

文章介绍了SS 5机车的TZZ 6型制动电阻装置和TDZ 1A-250/25 A型空气断路器的技术参数、结构特点,以及该型断路器的开断容量试验结果。     

电力牵引工频高压电磁场对人体视—运动反应时的影响

通过对我国电力牵引达２２年区段的２７．５ｋＶ工频电场强度为１．７５－３．４６ｋＶ／ｍ，磁感应强度为０．６０－１．７５ｍＴ，人体感应电流为１０．０８－５８．４０μＡ环境下作业的１３５９名工人和无电磁场接触史的３７５名工人的视－运动反应时值进行的测验和分析。结果表明两组无明显差异。引起视－运动反应时值的延长。结果表明两组无明显差异，引起视－运动反应时值的延长，机体协调功能减退的主要原因是年龄因素的增长