装配式竖井预制混凝土管片结构设计

为提高竖井建设的效率和安全性，采用垂直竖井挖掘机（VSM）进行装配式竖井施工。以南京市建邺区沉井式停车设施建设项目(1期)工程为例，系统介绍竖井工程的预制混凝土管片结构设计理念，包括管片构造、连接方式、受力情况、防水设计等；同时，在国外同类工程的基础上对管片结构进行优化设计，首次提出全通用管片设计理念，极大提高了现场施工效率和质量。经现场应用证明： 圆形管片式竖井整体受力状况良好，防水设计满足要求。     

施工及环境因素诱发污水处理池差异沉降及渗漏风险

针对地基变形特征及其引发的大型污水处理池混凝土结构破裂渗漏风险，研究人工降水、开挖与桩基加固、滨海潮汐地下水渗透等条件下的地基变形特性，并建立地基变形基本方程及多因素综合影响下的统一函数表达式。结合上海白龙港污水处理厂工程，分析了工程区域施工及环境因素可能产生的地基变形及其对结构受力的不良影响。结果表明：i）地基变形曲率对结构受力产生直接影响，曲率半径越小，结构的附加应力越大、致裂风险越高；ii）结构高度越大，对地基弯曲变形的反应越敏感；iii）结构抗弯刚度突变处，应力集中程度高、局部应力超限风险增大。     

40万吨超大型矿砂船典型结构缺陷

根据第一代40万吨超大型矿砂船(VLOC)的状况勘验情况,对船舶的典型布置和结构特点进行概括,并对船舶的典型结构缺陷进行总结。基于结构特点和运营中的结构受力情况,对典型结构缺陷进行分析。基于分析结果,对典型结构缺陷的处理措施进行介绍。根据现有结构状态,提出结构检验注意要点,为第一代40万吨VLOC的后续结构检验提供指导,也为即将投入运营的第二代40万吨VLOC的结构检验提供参考,以有针对性地对40万吨VLOC进行结构检验,提高结构检验效率。     

Estimating the ride quality characteristics of vehicles with random decrement analysis of on-the-road vibration response data

This paper describes the application of a practical analytical technique based on the random decrement method to estimate the rigid sprung mass dynamic characteristics (frequency response function) of road vehicles using only vibration response data during constant-speed operation. A brief history and development of the random decrement technique is presented, along with a summary of work undertaken on optimal parameter selection to establish the random decrement signature. Two approaches to estimate the dynamic characteristics from the random decrement signature are described and evaluated. A custom, single-wheeled vehicle (physical quarter car) was commissioned to undertake a series of on-the-road experiments at various nominally constant operating speeds. The vehicle, also instrumented as an inertial profilometer, simultaneously measured the longitudinal pavement profile to establish the vehicle's actual dynamic characteristics during operation. The main outcome of the paper is that the random decrement technique can be used to provide accurate estimates of the sprung mass mode of the vehicle's dynamic characteristics for both linear and nonlinear suspension systems of an idealised vehicle.     

面向老龄化社会的常规公交系统问题与对策——基于老年人常规公交出行测量模型

我国已经进入老龄化社会,老年人由于生理特性的衰退、心理特性的改变,导致其搭乘常规公交时的行为特性与需求都与一般中、低龄者不同.因此,对老年人搭乘常规公交出行的需求进行了五点量表式问卷调查,获得老年人搭乘常规公交时感受到的交通环境问题,在对数据进行统计分析、信度检验和因素分析的基础上,建立简单的结构方程模型,模型经过拟合修正后,提取了影响显著的问题因子.最后分析老年人搭乘常规公交出行时的需求,并提出老龄化社会常规公交环境的改善措施.     

Experimental and numerical analysis of a tanker side panel laterally punched by a knife edge indenter

The paper presents finite element simulations of a small-scale stiffened plate specimen quasi-statically punched at the mid-span by a rigid indenter, in order to examine its energy absorbing mechanisms and fracture. The specimen, scaled from a tanker side panel, is limited by one span between the web frames and the stringers. The paper provides practical information to estimate the extent of structural damage within ship side panels during collision accidents. Moreover, the results of this investigation should have relevance to evaluate grounding scenarios in which the bottom sustains local penetration. This is possible since the structural arrangement of the double hull and the double bottom of tanker vessels is very similar. The experimentally obtained force–displacement response and shape of the deformation show good agreement with the simulations performed by the explicit LS-DYNA finite element solver. The numerical analysis includes aspects of particular relevance to the behaviour of ship structures subjected to accidental loads which could give rise to difficulties in interpreting finite element calculations. In particular, the paper comments on the material nonlinearities, the importance of specifying the precise boundary conditions and the joining details of the structure. The considerable practical importance of these aspects has been the focus of attention in previous publications of the authors which evaluate the experimental-numerical impact response of simple ship structural components, such as beams and plates. Therefore, this paper uses the definitions proposed in those references to evaluate its applicability in the scaled tanker side panel, as an example of a more complex ship structure.     

FPSO模块支墩结构形式与设计原则

依据不同的功能要求,浮式生产卸货装置(FPSO)的主甲板上设置多个工艺模块平台,每一个模块架构平台与FPSO主船体的连接结构——模块支墩,是FPSO结构设计的关键技术,其可靠性和实用性将直接影响FPSO生产流程的正常运转。结合近20多年来对FPSO的设计经验,提出了模块支墩设计的不同理念及结构设计特点,并对多型FPSO的模块支墩分析对比其形式特点、适用性及优缺点,同时从工程设计经验角度,阐述了模块支墩的结构设计原则和结构强度的分析计算及算例。所提供的设计原则及相应的经验可供相关设计人员借鉴。