基于自适应遗传算法的路堤边坡稳定性分析方法

基于圆弧滑动面假定,提出了一种用自适应遗传算法搜索最危险滑动面及其对应的最小安全系数的新方法。该方法是一种改进的遗传算法,采用自适应求取适值、动态调整交叉率和变异率、自适应区间收缩。自适应遗传算法有效克服了传统方法易陷入局部极小的缺陷,提高了算法的搜索效率、精度和稳定性。     

汽车操纵稳定性的广义汽车转向稳态响应模型

针对传统汽车操纵稳定性理论的线性二自由度模型的不足,构建了一个新的广义汽车转向稳态响应模型,并说明了该模型的广泛适用性。以某不足转向轿车模型的有关参数为例,仿真计算并比较了应用两种模型时该轿车等速圆周行驶时的稳态响应状况,验证了广义模型的正确性,同时得到了一条有别于传统汽车操纵稳定性理论的重要结论。     

Experimental and empirical investigations of traffic flow instability

Traffic instability is an important but undesirable feature of traffic flow. This paper reports our experimental and empirical studies on traffic flow instability. We have carried out a large scale experiment to study the car-following behavior in a 51-car-platoon. The experiment has reproduced the phenomena and confirmed the findings in our previous 25-car-platoon experiment, i.e., standard deviation of vehicle speeds increases in a concave way along the platoon. Based on our experimental results, we argue that traffic speed rather than vehicle spacing (or density) might be a better indicator of traffic instability, because vehicles can have different spacing under the same speed. For these drivers, there exists a critical speed between 30 km/h and 40 km/h, above which the standard deviation of car velocity is almost saturated (flat) along the 51-car-platoon, indicating that the traffic flow is likely to be stable. In contrast, below this critical speed, traffic flow is unstable and can lead to the formation of traffic jams. Traffic data from the Nanjing Airport Highway support the experimental observation of existence of a critical speed. Based on these findings, we propose an alternative mechanism of traffic instability: the competition between stochastic factors and the so-called speed adaptation effect, which can better explain the concave growth of speed standard deviation in traffic flow.     

Simulation on progressive collapse behaviour of whole ship model under extreme waves using idealized structural unit method

To ensure the safety of navigating ship, working loads and structural load-carrying capacity are two important aspects. In the present paper, a total simulation system combing load calculation and structural collapse analysis is applied to simulate progressive collapse behaviour of a single-hull Kamsarmax type bulk carrier. A three dimensional singularity distribution method is adopted to calculate pressure distribution with time history. A mixed structural model, collapse part simulated by ISUM elements and remaining part by elastic FEM elements with relative coarse mesh, is proposed for collapse analysis. Progressive collapse behaviour obtained by ISUM is good agreement with that by nonlinear software package, MARC. However, the calculation time of ISUM analysis is about 1/70 of MARC analysis. The applicability to structure system, high accuracy and sufficient efficiency of ISUM had been demonstrated.     

CACC车头时距与混合交通流稳定性的解析关系

研究协同自适应巡航控制(Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control，CACC)车头时距对不同CACC比例下混合交通流稳定性的影响关系，进而为CACC车头时距设计提供参考. 应用优化速度模型(Optimal Velocity Model，OVM)作为手动车辆的跟驰模型，PATH真车实验标定的模型作为CACC车辆的跟驰模型. 基于传递函数理论，推导混合交通流稳定性判别条件，计算关于CACC比例与平衡态速度的混合交通流稳定域. 分析混合交通流在任意速度下稳定所需满足的临界CACC比例与CACC车头时距的解析关系，提出随CACC比例增加的可变 CACC车头时距设计策略，并通过数值仿真实验验证所提可变CACC车头时距策略的正确性. 研究结果表明：在所提可变CACC车头时距策略下，CACC车头时距随CACC比例增加而逐渐降低，避免取值较大影响混合交通流通行能力的提升；当CACC比例大于35%时，混合交通流在任意速度下稳定.研究结果可为大规模CACC真车实验的实施提供理论设计参考.     

基于隧道检测钢筋分布不均状况下判定衬砌结构安全性应用研究

近年来隧道内出现的越来越多的质量安全事故,引起各方高度重视,相应的最适宜隧道主体工程衬砌质量控制的地质雷达无损检测方法被广泛应用。通过雷达无损检测可揭露出衬砌内欠厚、脱空、钢筋分布不均等大量各类型缺陷,针对欠厚脱空等缺陷制定的注浆或开窗等治理措施是目前工程中常见的整改闭合工序,但钢筋分布不均对结构安全影响如何判定,怎么界定处理尚无成熟方案与规定。本文针对隧道项目中实际检测出的钢筋分布不均缺陷,在不宜大范围扰动结构及围岩进行整治的情况下,以及在避免其他问题共存等不利因素的前提下,应用有限元数值模拟计算分析强度安全系数,并结合现场外观等综合因素对衬砌结构安全性进行分析判定研究。     

鱼雷定深航行稳定性的分叉分析

鱼雷定深运动方程含有诸多的非线性项，用传统的分析方法对其稳定性进行研究有较大难度。运用非线性科学中的分叉理论，选定鱼雷定深运动方程中的某一流体动力系数扰动值为分叉参数，系统地分析在经典比例微分深度控制系统作用下，鱼雷在退化平衡点处的航行稳定性。利用中心流形定理，推导出系统状态变量解析表达式，对系统 Hopf分叉进行分析，并进行仿真验证。结果表明，流体动力系数变化使定深航行产生 Hopf分叉，并给出了确保鱼雷稳定航行的流体动力参数取值范围。     

Fractional-order-based ACC/CACC algorithm for improving string stability

Traffic flow optimization and driver comfort enhancement are the main contributions of an Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) system. If communication links are added, more safety and shorter gaps can be reached performing a Cooperative-ACC (CACC). Although shortening the inter-vehicular distances directly improves traffic flow, it can cause string unstable behavior. This paper presents fractional-order-based control algorithms to enhance the car-following and string stability performance for both ACC and CACC vehicle strings, including communication temporal delay effects. The proposed controller is compared with state-of-the-art implementations, exhibiting better performance. Simulation and real experiments have been conducted for validating the approach.     

新五维超混沌系统反同步研究

以新五维超混沌系统为对象，基于Lyapunov稳定性理论，采用非线性控制法、主动控制法及全局控制法，分别设计了控制器，实现了新五维超混沌系统的反同步。通过数值仿真，对三种方法的反同步效果进行了验证和对比分析，结果显示主动控制法优于其它两种方法。     

保证路基长期稳定性的技术措施研究

路基长期稳定性是一个综合性的问题,要想通过设计或施工一劳永逸的解决,在技术上是困难的,在经济上也是不适宜的。只有通过对设计、施工、养护三者综合考虑,把握影响路基长期稳定性的关键因素,才能经济、合理地解决该问题,使公路更好地为经济建设服务。