基于岩石非线性统一强度理论的地下洞室弹塑性分析

采用岩石非线性统一强度理论考虑了岩体的塑性软化特性,利用衬砌与围岩的位移协调条件,对地下圆形洞室进行了弹塑性分析,获得了圆形洞室的应力,洞室变形及塑性区半径的解,这些解既考虑了岩石拉压强度相差较大的特点,又考虑了中间主应力效应及其区间性;既反映了岩石的非线性破坏特征,又可以推广到岩体及节理岩体之中去,有一定的理论及工程应用价值.     

Ultimate strength of container ships subjected to combined hogging moment and bottom local loads part 1: Nonlinear finite element analysis

This paper is the first of two companion papers concerning the ultimate hull girder strength of container ships subjected to combined hogging moment and bottom local loads. In the midship part of container ships, upward bottom local loads are usually larger than the downward ones. This leads to the increase of biaxial compression in the outer bottom plating and the reduction of the ultimate hull girder strength in the hogging condition. In this Part 1, the collapse behavior and ultimate strength of container ships under combined hogging moment and bottom local loads are analyzed using nonlinear finite element method. Buckling collapse behavior of bottom stiffened panels during the progressive collapse of a hull girder is closely investigated. It has been found that major factors of the reduction of ultimate hogging strength due to bottom local loads are (1) the increase of the longitudinal compression in the outer bottom and (2) the reduction of the effectiveness of the inner bottom, which is on the tension side of local bending of the double bottom. The obtained results will be utilized in the Part 2 paper to develop a simplified method of progressive collapse analysis of container ships under combined hogging moment and bottom local loads.     

基于克里金模型的潜水器耐压舱结构优化

本文研究Kriging建模和序贯加点相结合的方法,用于解决目标函数或者约束函数无法显式表达下的优化问题。在加点准则中为了避免出现龙格现象,改进了加点优化时步长要求,在优化过程中融入多种群遗传算法提高了序贯加点值的计算准确性。计算结果表明,改进后的加点准则在存在多区域或者多个极值点的情况下均可快速搜索到最优点位置。建立了载人潜水器载人舱以重量为优化目标,以强度要求为约束的球壳厚度优化模型,采用此方法在初始选取5个样本取样,序贯加点6个样本点,计算得到球壳的最优厚度值为50.5569 mm,可有效指导设计工作。     

考虑腐蚀损伤的FPSO船体结构强度LC演变特性

在建立全船有限元模型的基础上,基于腐蚀模型完成各服役年限模型的更新,并使用自主开发的软件,依据规范,对浮式生产储卸油装置(Floating Production Storage and Offloading,FPSO)船体结构进行屈服强度与屈曲强度的直接计算。结果表明,在生命周期(Life Cycle,LC)内各年限船体结构强度计算结果均满足规范值。受腐蚀损伤影响,FPSO船体结构的屈服利用因子与屈曲利用因子逐渐增加;随服役时间增加,二者增长趋势逐渐加快。研究结果对FPSO的设计、维护与延寿具有一定的参考价值。     

铝合金在邮轮主船体结构上的应用分析

基于铝合金与钢结构“等强、等刚、等稳定性”的理论和有限元计算方法的分析,对某邮轮主体结构进行替代等效分析,论证了铝合金结构的安全性、经济性以及可能性,为铝合金在邮轮主船体结构的应用和直接计算方法提供建议和参考。     

地铁整体道床脱空破损机理及结构补强措施

随着我国地铁运营里程的增多,其线路的整体道床脱空破损的问题也日渐突出。为更好地指导道床脱空破损的整治,通过理论假定,建立道床受力模型,并对其进行破损模型验证分析。提出临界脱空面,通过对临界脱空面渗水至浸水过程来探讨分析道床脱空破损的机理。对于具体的道床破损整治工程,基于理论分析的结果,采用环氧补强加固方法。经过三年运营期的跟踪与反馈,表明此破损机理的分析与采用的施工工艺是符合实际情况的。     

永磁直驱货运电力机车构架强度分析及结构优化

按照标准EN 13749-2011:《铁路设施—轮组和转向架—转向架结构要求的规定方法》,通过有限元分析方法对永磁直驱货运电力机车转向架构架进行了强度校核及模态分析,并且优化了构架牵引梁结构;分析结果表明,该机车转向架构架强度指标满足标准要求,构架模态振型合格,动态性能较好。     

Vibration analysis of super-yachts: Validation of the Holden Method and estimation of the structural damping

The hull excitation generated by marine propellers constitutes one of the most significant vibration sources affecting comfort on passenger ships. Consequently, the evaluation of the propeller-generated excitation through reliable numerical tools during the preliminary stage of ship design is fundamental. The Holden Method (HM) is an empirical tool utilized to calculate the propeller-induced pressure distribution on a ship hull. The present paper validates the HM, which is applied to a twin-screw, 54-m super-yacht. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is used to benchmark the HM numerical predictions against a set of full-scale vibration measures. The outcomes show that the magnitude of the propeller-induced dynamic excitation predicted by the HM is overestimated. Thereafter, the calibrated propeller-induced forces and the diesel engine excitation are applied to the FE model to perform a series of forced vibration analyses and estimate the global structural damping coefficient of the super-yacht. The study highlights the necessity of developing new empirical methodologies, analogous to the HM, to be applied to modern small luxury vessels.     

花岗岩残积砂质黏性土的蠕变特性与本构模型

花岗岩残积砂质黏性土越来越多地被选作建(构)筑物天然地基持力层,但目前关于花岗岩残积砂质黏性土的研究主要停留在短期的强度和变形阶段。为探讨花岗岩残积砂质黏性土在长期荷载作用下的变形特性,对潮州市花岗岩残积砂质黏性土进行蠕变试验。结果表明,花岗岩残积砂质黏性土蠕变变形随时间的增加不断增大,但变形速率不断减小,直至变形稳定;随着剪应力及固结压力的增加,蠕变特性更加显著。引入邓肯-张模型对整数阶Poynting-Thomson流变模型进行修正,修正后的P-T模型可以较好地描述花岗岩残积砂质黏性土蠕变特性。研究结果有助于进一步认识花岗岩残积砂质黏性土的蠕变特性,为花岗岩残积砂质黏性土地基处理提供参考。     

A theory of coupled beams for strength assessment of passenger ships

This paper describes a coupled beam method, which estimates elastic response in the longitudinal bending of a passenger ship with a large multi-deck superstructure. The method can be applied during an early project stage, when detailed three-dimensional finite element modelling is not yet possible. The theory is based on the assumption that each deck in the superstructure and also the main hull can be considered as a thin-walled beam. These beams are coupled to adjacent beams with springs modelling vertical and shear stiffness. The shear effect in the side and deck structures is included with options for large openings. As a result, the method allows for the calculation of the normal stresses and vertical deflections in the arbitrary location of the hull girder. Average longitudinal displacements of deck structures and shear stresses in the side structures can be estimated as well. Simplified structures were analysed in order to validate the coupled beam method against the three-dimensional finite element method.