极端波浪与海洋结构物的强非线性作用研究综述

鉴于极端波浪的极大破坏力,其与海洋结构物的强非线性作用研究正日益受到重视。为了评估极端波浪可能带来的严重破坏,有必要对极端波浪作用下海洋结构物的波浪爬升与抨击、强非线性波浪力、结构载荷与运动响应等问题开展深入研究。国内外许多学者采用数值计算、模型实验及小波分析等手段对这些问题开展了探索研究,获得了一些有益的研究结论。该文对极端波浪与海洋结构物相互作用的研究现状和现有结论作了综述,可为进一步开展深入研究提供有益参考。     

基于IIW准则的焊接接头多轴疲劳强度评估

多轴疲劳失效是焊接结构的主要失效模式之一。本文基于IIW多轴疲劳准则,结合切口应力法,采用1mm与0.3mm两种虚拟半径,对当前比例加载与非比例加载下的多轴疲劳实验数据进行了对比研究,结果表明：较之于名义应力法,两种虚拟半径下的切口应力系统数据点分散带 从1:3.06分别降至1:2.01与1:2.15,虚拟半径取0.3mm在多轴疲劳分析中是可行的;两种虚拟半径下的实验数据点分布均与厚度相关。在此基础上,本文在1mm与0.3mm两种虚拟半径基础上引入了0.5mm的虚拟半径,针对不同板厚引入不同虚拟半径进行有限元分析,数据点分散带 进一步降至1:1.78,拟合得到存活率PS=97.7%的S-N曲线,其斜率m为5.7,疲劳等级FAT为500MPa。     

列车引起的高架铁路车站的振动与噪声

对列车引起的高架铁路车站的振动与噪声问题进行了分析与评价。采用列车一桥梁体系分析模型和车站框架模型研究结构的振动,并用统计能量分析法(SEA)估计结构的噪声。通过计算机模拟,根据辐射率和SEA方法确定了结构振动与噪声的关系。讨论了结构形式、材料、支撑条件、列车速度等因素对噪声的影响。通过对声功率辐射表示的噪声水平的比较,得出了噪声水平随车速提高而增长,橡胶支座可有效降低高架结构的噪声,阻尼较大的结构产生的噪声较小等结论。     

新疆宽浅变迁河流调治构造物护脚抗冲试验研究

针对新疆现有的调治构造物类型,分析了新疆历年公路桥梁调治构造物水毁的情况,并在此基础上提出了一种新的调治构造物护脚结构形式—格栅.通过变坡水槽中的抗冲试验,探讨格栅的可行性并力图初步拟订其合适的尺寸.     

Vibration transmission characteristics of composite laminate joints based on power flow北大核心CSCD

[目的]为了研究复合材料层合板连接节点的振动传递特性,提出一种采用有限元功率流法并结合功率流可视化技术的分析方法。[方法]首先,验证用有限元实体单元功率流描述板壳振动的有效性;然后,引入功率流传递率评价指标,提出有限元模型功率流传递率的计算方法,并以导纳功率流法计算结果为参照来验证其有效性;最后,建立嵌入式连接和螺钉连接这2种复合材料层合板的连接模型,计算其功率流传递率曲线和典型功率流矢量图。[结果]对比验证结果表明,2种连接模型的振动传递路径和功率流传递率存在明显差异。[结论]有限元功率流法直观反映了连接结构的振动传递能力及振动能量传递路径,可为复合材料结构设计提供参考。     

Experimental investigation into the effects of air pockets on wave-in-deck loads of offshore structures

In this paper, air entrapment during slamming is an investigation subjected to an experimental method of inquiry, analysed alongside a theoretical approach obtained from previous attempts to address similar matters. The experiment consisted of assembling three different sizes and depths of artificially created pockets underneath the 1:75 deck model of a 76 m × 76 m prototype to encourage air entrapment and study how this entrapped air affects local and global loads. A parametric study is ultimately conducted on the geometry of the pocket, altering area and depth to observe the response to the pressure. Air entrapment effects were observed to reduce the magnitudes of impact pressure inside the pocket while slightly altering the force time histories in x and z-directions. Force magnitudes for global forces are significantly close to the smooth deck results. However, horizontal force data are slightly higher than their corresponding smooth deck due to additional surfaces inside the pocket. In addition, a parametric study of the depth and size of the pocket reveals that pocket depth is the dominant parameter that affects the impact pressure inside a pocket.     

新城路综合管廊工程盾构机适应性分析

盾构法作为城市综合管廊暗挖施工的重要方法，随着城市化的不断深入，所面临的施工现场条件也越来越复杂。通过新城路综合管廊工程的施工重点、难点与应对措施，论证土压平衡式盾构机在珠三角深厚软土层及各种现场工况下的适用性，可为类似工程提供参考意义。     

Planar multibody dynamics of floating Y-method installation system and the lowering of subsea equipment based on finite element modeling

The subsea equipment installation is a complex operation that demands a precise and reliable approach to avoid the accidental losses of lives and equipment damage. The multibody installation system is overwhelmed with the dynamic behavior and responses of the system, which signifies the importance of analysis of the Multibody Dynamic System (MBDS). The modeling of MBDS is challenging and complicated due to the interconnectivity and nonlinearity assigned to them. In this paper, the planar dynamics of a floating multibody system are attained by employing two tugboats and a payload with a contextual offshore installation scenario to be applied in a water depth of over 1500 m. The lifting operation is nine degrees of freedom (9-DOF) multibody model done with the help of two strands and three bodies having 3-DOF each. The coupled equations of motion are established by deploying the Velocity Transformation Technique. The hydrodynamic and two-strand forces are simplified as linear, while the hydrostatic and mooring forces are treated as nonlinear external loads. The numerical solution to the equations for the MBDS is obtained from the Runge Kutta Method of Fourth-Order. Furthermore, the Finite Element Modeling approach discusses the installation operation using Y-method. The results of the proposed numerical model are validated by comparing it with the numerical simulation from OrcaFlex, and the results from both models are found to be in good agreement. The findings of this study will help improve the safe and stable installation of deep-water multibody structures.     

水利与水运工程关于内河重力墙结构的设计差异

水利与水运工程虽同属土木工程范畴的水工建筑物,但由于长久以来服务对象的区别,所属行业分支及管理部门不同,以及两个行业之间缺乏有效沟通,因此设计中间遵循的基本原则及设计思路存在较大差异。对同一结构物设计,其工期、造价往往会有较大区别。以内河重力墙结构为例,对水利与水运工程的设计差异及各自的设计特点进行分析,以期今后的水工结构物设计能够融合两个系统设计理念的精髓,形成统一的设计思路和标准,达到安全、耐久、节约投资的目的。