地下结构设计中易混淆问题辨析

针对地下结构设计和施工中各种不确定因素影响结构设计安全的问题,对设计过程中常用但易混淆的概念予以分析,给出了地下结构荷载取值、结构计算、抗浮计算方法,浅埋暗挖法通道的截面形式、初期支护形式,以及相应的结论性建议;结合现场施工过程中的各种工况,给出了盾构始发、过站、调头等的边界条件和使用范围。     

地铁下穿既有线和扩大基础桥梁施工方案研究

北京地铁六号线朝阳门—东大桥区间隧道下穿既有地铁二号线朝阳门站和二环主路朝阳门桥施工,工程难度极大,施工安全控制极为重要。为研究新建隧道施工过程对围岩与既有结构的影响,保证施工期间既有结构的安全使用、有效控制地表沉降,针对本工程拟定了不同施工方案并采用有限元计算软件MIDAS-GTS进行三维仿真模拟,分析其对围岩与下穿建筑物的变形控制效果。依据既有结构沉降控制标准,最终提出采用新建隧道与既有车站零距离刚对刚接触、自隧道两侧同时开挖、在既有车站两侧同时施做水平旋喷桩的方案。该方案将为六号线下穿既有车站和扩大基础桥梁的设计与施工提供理论依据。     

地质构造和地形对N.Barton岩质评定系数Q值的影响分析

挪威岩土所Barton等人给出的岩质评定系数Q值计算式,从岩体的完整性、结构面发育程度、地下水和地应力的影响等方面,全面地反映了岩体的工程地质状况和水文地质状况,定量地反映了围岩质量的好坏,但对宏观地质构造及地形地貌的影响考虑相对较少.文章通过理论分析和数值计算,提出了三个修正系数,即褶皱影响系数Kfo、断层影响系数Kfa以及地形影响系数Ktf,并针对具体工程给出了相应的取值范围,对Q值进行了修正,反应了工程地质构造、地形地貌对Q值的影响程度,使其表达更为准确.     

等效波的散货船舱口角疲劳评估应力组合方法(英文)

The stress combination method for the fatigue assessment of the hatch corner of a bulk carrier was investigated based on equivalent waves.The principles of the equivalent waves of ship structures were given,including the determination of the dominant load parameter,heading,frequency,and amplitude of the equivalent regular waves.The dominant load parameters of the hatch corner of a bulk carrier were identified by the structural stress response analysis,and then a series of equivalent regular waves were defined based on these parameters.A combination method of the structural stress ranges under the different equivalent waves was developed for the fatigue analysis.The combination factors were obtained by least square regression analysis with the stress ranges derived from spectral fatigue analysis as the target value.The proposed method was applied to the hatch corner of another bulk carrier as an example.This shows that the results from the equivalent wave approach agree well with those from the spectral fatigue analysis.The workload is reduced substantially.This method can be referenced in the fatigue assessment of the hatch corner of a bulk carrier.     

Vibration-assisted decommissioning of a slip joint: Application to an offshore wind turbine

An alternative option to the traditional grouted joint for wind turbines is a direct steel-to-steel connection, also known as slip joint. In a recently published work, a proof of concept of a vibration-assisted installation and decommissioning technique of a slip joint was illustrated. Leveraging on the obtained results, the current study shows for the first time a decommissioning campaign carried out using a vibration-assisted technique applied on a prototype hydraulic wind turbine tower located in the North Sea, and connected to the monopile through a slip joint. The key aspect of the dismounting procedure is a priori knowledge of the resonance frequency clusters corresponding to the slip joint’s cross-sectional modes. Therefore, field hammer tests and experimental modal analysis were carried out inside the wind turbine tower. The identified frequencies and mode shapes were then compared with numerical ones estimated by a finite element model of the investigated structure. The comparison showed that a set of frequency clusters can be directly selected from a detailed numerical model. The preparatory work of the slip joint decommissioning was then executed by installing electric shaker devices, based on the dynamic identification results, and hydraulic jacks mounted inside the wind turbine tower. A first decommissioning trial was carried out in May 2019, while the final decommissioning was performed in August 2019. After analysing the measurements of the hydraulic pressures, displacements and excitation frequencies during the decommissioning campaigns, the results showed that it is possible to disconnect the slip joint if, in combination to a vertical static force, one of the identified cross-sectional mode shapes is excited. The vibration-assisted decommissioning proved to be a successful technique to dismount the connection in a controlled and straightforward manner.     

既有线构（建）筑物旁控制爆破技术

重庆轻轨三号线一期工程火车客站紧邻铁路既有线建筑物,详细介绍了基坑施工中采用浅孔微震爆破进行分层开挖、周边增打减震孔、预留光爆层、再辅以覆盖和围档等降低爆破震速和防止爆破飞石的工程措施,并在爆破中进行了震动速度的监测和观测。既满足了施工进度又确保了建筑物的安全。     

预应力混凝土连续梁桥合龙顺序对结构内力的影响分析

分析了三跨一联连续梁桥悬臂施工不同合龙顺序可能导致主梁与支座间存在＂间隙＂的缺陷,用MIDAS/Civil程序分别计算了在不同合龙工序状态下,结构内力和变形的变化值。结合实例,模拟计算了当主梁与支座间分别存在1～5 mm间隙时,对主梁内力的影响。理论计算表明,当主梁与支座间存在较小间隙时（3 mm以下）,采用适当的合龙工序,在具有季节性施工的地区,更具有工程实用价值。     

TYJL_ECC容错区域计算机联锁控制系统的研究

计算机联锁控制系统作为车站关键基础信号设备,不仅要具有高度的安全性、可靠性、实时性、可维护性、可用性等基本特性,还应有强大、快速的处理能力,丰富、方便、安全的接口设备,以适应高速铁路、快速客运专线、铁路信号一体化的发展趋势。本文介绍了满足这些要求的“TYJL_ECC容错区域计算机联锁控制系统”硬件、软件体系结构,分析了其构成和特性。     

预应力混凝土结构中次内力的合理利用

基于结构力学中静定与超静定结构的相关理论,讨论了预应力混凝土结构次内力产生的机理及其对结构的影响,进而提出合理利用次内力的设计思想。     

考虑构件抗扭刚度的高层建筑结构抗扭计算

结构刚度中心与质量中心偏差较大时,应考虑扭转的不利影响,将高层建筑结构等效为悬臂杆,从顶至底依次选取脱离体。根据位移协调条件,将结构的位移分解成平动与转动成分,得到相应的结构平动时构件所承担的剪力与结构转动时构件所承担的剪力,再根据力的平衡条件,推导出双向地震作用下考虑构件抗扭刚度时结构的线弹性扭转角,并对构件的剪力及变形进行了修正。算例表明,考虑构件抗扭刚度时结构的线弹性扭转角、构件的剪力与变形均减小。该方法概念清楚,符合工程实际。