车速鉴定中轮胎-路面附着系数估算方法研究

在交通事故鉴定中,车辆行驶速度是事故处理和诉讼的重要依据。其中,路面附着系数是事故车速鉴定的重要参数。本文在大量实验数据基础上,拟合出车辆制动过程的特性曲线,并简化出相应的车速估算模型。利用此模型对不同车型、路面类型、湿滑状况和不同车速情况下的路面附着系数e进行了估算研究。经估算实例验证,文中的估算方法对不同状况下的路面附着系数具有较好的估算能力。     

发展船员人身意外强制保险的探讨

文中介绍了现阶段船员人身意外伤害保险现状，阐述了建立专门的船员人身意外强制险的必要性，并对发展船员人身意外强制保险提出了一些设想。     

谈航标建设工程的安全管理

文中主要介绍了航标基础设施建设的特点，分析了航标建设过程中经常出现的安全事故类型及原因，提出了安全管理的防范措施。     

安全心理学与行车安全探析

从地铁运营的安全现状出发，指出了可能导致不安全因素的各种心理原因，并从心理学的角度分析了心理与行车安全的关系，总结了如何用安全心理学的知识来预防和控制事故的发生，以期对提高安全意识和安全管理水平有指导意义。     

海底岩溶盾构隧道勘察、设计及岩溶处理关键技术研究——以大连地铁5号线火梭区间海底隧道为例

海底岩溶隧道勘察、设计难度大,施工风险高。以大连市地铁5号线海底岩溶大直径盾构隧道为研究对象,首次采用“跨孔CT物探+钻探”的海底隧道岩溶勘察方案,通过有限元计算确定海底岩溶隧道加固范围,通过抗浮计算确定岩溶隧道基底加固标准,提出海底岩溶的海面预处理具体实施方案和盾构针对性设计方案,从而形成一整套海底岩溶盾构隧道勘察、设计及岩溶处理方案。     

Rollover risk prediction of heavy vehicles by reliability index and empirical modelling

This paper focuses on a combination of a reliability-based approach and an empirical modelling approach for rollover risk assessment of heavy vehicles. A reliability-based warning system is developed to alert the driver to a potential rollover before entering into a bend. The idea behind the proposed methodology is to estimate the rollover risk by the probability that the vehicle load transfer ratio (LTR) exceeds a critical threshold. Accordingly, a so-called reliability index may be used as a measure to assess the vehicle safe functioning. In the reliability method, computing the maximum of LTR requires to predict the vehicle dynamics over the bend which can be in some cases an intractable problem or time-consuming. With the aim of improving the reliability computation time, an empirical model is developed to substitute the vehicle dynamics and rollover models. This is done by using the SVM (Support Vector Machines) algorithm. The preliminary obtained results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.     

Fisheries in Iwaki after the Fukushima Dai'ichi Nuclear Accident: Lessons for Coastal Management under Conditions of High Uncertainty?

This article evaluates factors driving perception of risk and uncertainty in fisheries in Iwaki City, Fukushima Prefecture, Japan, following the Fukushima Dai'ichi nuclear accident. Particular attention is paid to lessons that may be learned for managing uncertainties and risks in coastal management more generally. The 2011 accident has had profound effects on Fukushima fisheries. Commercial coastal fisheries have been stopped since, and efforts to understand and monitor the effects of marine radioactive contamination on produce from the sea continue. Small-scale trial fisheries have, however, re-commenced with a view to gradually re-starting Fukushima fisheries over time. Drawing on in-depth interviews, discussion groups, and field observations from Iwaki and Fukushima Prefecture more widely, three factors are discussed: the role of trusted local-level points of contact; the value of transparent monitoring and screening that acknowledges remaining limitations and uncertainties; and the importance of taking seriously the cultural dimensions of rapid and potentially irreversible environmental change.     

潜艇典型结构受多物体撞击数值仿真的试验验证

以双壳体潜艇的典型结构—双层环肋圆柱壳受多物体撞击为研究对象,开展了模型试验,并与仿真计算结果进行对比,验证了有限元数值仿真方法对求解该类问题的有效性。还从结构损伤变形、撞击力历程和能量转换等方面对多物体撞击壳体过程的动响应特性进行了分析。研究成果将为潜艇抗撞能力的评估及抗撞结构的设计提供参考。     

高压气吹除对潜艇动力抗沉影响分析研究

针对当前潜艇利用高压气进行动力抗沉缺乏定量分析,高压气吹除对潜艇影响认识不足的问题,采用计算机模拟仿真方法,仿真分析了吹除不同主压载水舱对潜艇纵倾与潜浮率的影响及挽回效果,结果表明,潜浮率过大将难以控制潜艇以稳定纵倾平稳上浮,在此基础上给出不同舱室进水的吹除建议。     

基于MATCONT的潜艇垂直面操纵运动稳定性与分叉分析

基于Matlab数值分岔分析工具箱MATCONT对潜艇高速机动时的运动稳定性与分岔问题进行了研究。分析了潜艇重心坐标和尾升降舵角变化时的单参数分岔,搜索到系统的鞍结分岔和BP分岔点,通过垂直面非线性运动方程数值积分的动态仿真,验证了动态仿真与数值分析结果的一致性。