某设备电磁兼容测试整改实例分析

对某设备在电磁兼容测试中出现的问题进行了分析,分别对电源线传导发射和电场辐射发射测试不达标提出了提高电磁兼容性能的整改方案,尤其对设备开关电源辐射超标和改进措施进行了分析,对整改前后结果进行试验验证,证明整改措施合理有效。     

Are HOV/eco-lanes a sustainable option to reducing emissions in a medium-sized European city?

Innovative traffic management measures are needed to reduce transportation-related emissions. While in Europe, road lane management has focused mainly on introduction of bus lanes, the conversion to High Occupancy Vehicles (HOV) and eco-lanes (lanes dedicated to vehicles running on alternative fuels) has not been studied comprehensively. The objectives of this research are to: (1) Develop an integrated microscopic modeling platform calibrated with real world data to assess both traffic and emissions impacts of future Traffic Management Strategies (TMS) in an urban area; (2) Evaluate the introduction of HOV/eco-lanes in three different types of roads, freeway, arterial and urban routes, in an European medium-sized city and its effects in terms of emissions and traffic performance. The methodology consists of three distinct phases: (a) Traffic and road inventory data collection; (b) Traffic and emissions simulation using an integrated platform of microscopic simulation; and (c) Evaluation of scenarios. For the baseline scenario, the statistical analysis shows valid results. The results show that HOV and eco-lanes in a medium European city are feasible, and when the Average Occupancy of Vehicles (AOV) increases, on freeways, the majority of vehicles can reduce their travel time (2%) with a positive impact in terms of total emissions (−38% NO_x, −39% HC, −43% CO and −37% CO₂). On urban and arterial corridors, the reduction in emissions could be achieved only if the AOV increases from 1.50 to 1.70 passengers/vehicle. Total emissions of the corridor with an AOV of 1.70 passengers/vehicle can be reduced up to 35–36% for the urban route while the values can be reduced by 36–39% for the arterial road. With the introduction of Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV) and Electric Vehicles (EV) it is possible to reduce emissions, although the introduction of eco-lanes did not show significant reductions in emissions. When both policies are simulated together, an emissions improvement is observed for the arterial route and for two of the scenarios.     

柴油发动机排烟异常的原因及排除方法

从使用和环保的角度出发,对柴油发动机排出的三种颜色烟雾的原因及排除方法进行了论述。     

Planning hierarchical urban transit systems for reductions in greenhouse gas emissions

Public transit systems with high occupancy can reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions relative to low-occupancy transportation modes, but current transit systems have not been designed to reduce environmental impacts. This motivates the study of the benefits of design and operational approaches for reducing the environmental impacts of transit systems. For example, transit agencies may replace level-of-service (LOS) by vehicle miles traveled (VMT) as a criterion in evaluating design and operational changes. In previous work, we explored the unintended consequences of lowering transit LOS on emissions in a single-technology transit system. Herein, we extend the analysis to account for a more realistic case: a transit system with a hierarchical structure (trunk and feeder lines) providing service to a city where demand is elastic. By considering the interactions between the trunk and the feeder systems, we provide a quantitative basis for designing and operating integrated urban transit systems that can reduce GHG emissions and societal costs. We find that highly elastic transit demand may cancel emission reduction potentials resulting from lowering LOS, due to demand shifts to lower occupancy vehicles. However, for mass transit modes, these potentials are still significant. Transit networks with buses, bus rapid transit or light rail as trunk modes should be designed and operated near the cost-optimal point when the demand is highly elastic, while this is not required for metro. We find that the potential for unintended consequences increases with the size of the city. Our results are robust to uncertainties in the costs and emissions parameters.     

中重型柴油机满足欧Ⅲ排放法规的认识与对策

简介了欧Ⅲ排放检测标准和满足欧Ⅱ排放法规柴油机的排放达标措施,介绍了几种国外欧Ⅲ样机的排放测试结果,结合我国的实际情况提出了欧Ⅲ柴油机应采用的主要技术措施。     

国产轻型汽车排放现状与分析

本文综述了国产轻型汽车的基本情况，指出轻型汽车的排气污染物是造成汽车对大气污染的最主要来源，根据试验结果评述了国产轻型汽车的排放现状，然后进行了试验分析，最后简要介绍了影响汽车对大气污染的各种因素。     

上海市公交柴油车碳烟排放的评估与分析

介绍了上海市道路交通以及公交汽车拥有量的发展；按照发动机购置年份、机型以及车队等统计上海市公交柴油车碳烟排放状况；追踪某一车队同一机型连续几年来的百公里油耗以及碳烟排放水平，分析了影响公交柴油车碳烟排放的各种因素；最后从管理方面提出加强I／M制度以降低公交柴油车碳烟排放。     

生物质垃圾与煤混烧污染特征的研究

对不同配比复合垃圾衍生燃料做实验试烧,并对燃烧产生的NOx、SO2等燃烧排放污染物进行了监测．利用扫描电镜（SEM）和能谱（EDX）结合联用技术观察了生物质垃圾与煤混合压制燃料的燃烧颗粒的微观形态特征．结果表明,随着生物质比例的加大,发现飞灰颗粒有细化的现象．CI元素的排放主要出现在燃烧初期．钾的主要存在形式是氯化钾．飞灰颗粒的所有能谱分析中并没有检测到重金属元素的存在．     

激光等离子体发射光谱的测试与分析

利用自制装置对激光产生的等离子体发射光谱进行了测试,研究了不同激光能量下的复合谱的一维强度分布,实验结果表明随着激光能量的提高,等离子体发射强度及最大膨胀距离也相应增加.同时研究了激发态Al原子的特征谱线的飞行谱,并计算出激发态Al原子的飞行速度为2×103m/s.     

低成本降低汽车涂装有机挥发物排放的途径

介绍了各种降低汽车涂装有机挥发物（VOC）排放的技术及其应用效果，并结合我国实际提出了实现低成本降低涂装VOC排放的途径。