Application of social force model to pedestrian behavior analysis at signalized crosswalk

Limited pedestrian behavior models shed light on the case at signalized crosswalk, where pedestrian behavior is characterized by group or individual evasion with surrounding pedestrians, collision avoidance with conflicting vehicles, and response to signal control and crosswalk boundary. This study fills this gap by developing a microscopic simulation model for pedestrian behavior analysis at signalized intersection. The social force theory has been employed and adjusted for this purpose. The parameters, including measurable and non-measurable ones, are either directly estimated based on observed dataset or indirectly derived by maximum likelihood estimation. Last, the model performance was confirmed in light of individual trajectory comparison between estimation and observation, passing position distribution at several cross-sections, collision avoidance behavior with conflicting vehicles, and lane-formation phenomenon. The simulation results also concluded that the model enables to visually represent pedestrian crossing behavior as in the real world.     

使用30°楔形防松螺纹安装扭矩的建议

为明确30°楔形防松螺纹在同样的施加扭矩下所获得的轴力。试验了30°楔形防松螺纹和普通螺纹经振动防松试验轴力的衰减情况和同扭矩下扭矩系数及轴力的比对试验。从而获得在施加相同扭矩下,30°楔形防松螺纹所获得的轴力比普通螺纹所获得的轴力低。     

Study of the Settlement Control of Deformation Joints of Tunnels Passing Closely under the Existing Station北大核心CSCD

The newly-built tunnel passing closely under the existing station will inevitably lead to settlement of the existing station, and especially deformation joints are prone to differential settlement. Based on the Suzhoujie Station of Beijing Subway Line 16 passing closely under the existing Line 10, this paper analyzes the overall settlement of the existing station and the differential settlement at deformation joints through a combination of field measurement and numerical simulation. The study results show that installing jacks significantly prevents the settlement of the existing station, after installation of jacks the settlement of the existing station is reduced by about 58%, and the jacking force of the jack shall be controlled between 180-450 t; the impact of construction on the single-deck station structure side at deformation joints is greater than that on the double-deck station structure side, the stress on the socket is gradually increased with the excavation of the lower tunnel, and reduced after installation of jacks, indicating that the jack can effectively reduce the tensile stress of the existing station and maintain the safety of the existing station; with the action of the jacking force of jacks, the settlement curve of the existing station presents a stepwise change at the jack installation points, while the upper ground surface settlement is relatively uniform. © 2022, Editorial Office of "Modern Tunnelling Technology". All right reserved.     

A planar quasi-static constraint mode tyre model

The fast-paced, iterative, vehicle design environment demands efficiency when simulating suspension loads. Towards that end, a computationally efficient, linear, planar, quasi-static tyre model is developed in this work that accurately predicts a tyre's lower frequency, reasonably large amplitude, nonlinear stiffness relationship. The axisymmetric, circumferentially isotropic, stiffness equation is discretised into segments, then parameterised by a single stiffness parameter and two shape parameters. The tyre's deformed shape is independent of the overall tyre stiffness and the forces acting on the tyre. Constraint modes capture enveloping and bridging properties and a recursive method yields the set of active constraints at the tyre–road interface. The nonlinear stiffness of a tyre is captured by enforcing unidirectional geometric boundary conditions. The model parameters are identified semi-empirically; simulated cleat test loads match experiments within 7% including nonlinear stiffness when simulating a flat plate test and a discontinuous stiffness when simulating a cleat test.     

传感型土工格栅加筋含轮胎片体填料挡墙性能模型试验

风化料-废旧轮胎片体（TDA）混合形成的轻质土具有重度小、透水性强等优点，可用于台背回填，能显著降低工后沉降。然而TDA在土中的质量比对加筋土挡土墙性能的影响尚不清楚。为此，针对以风化料和TDA混合料填筑挡土墙的性能开展了一系列比例为1：5的缩尺模型试验，研究风化料中的TDA质量比（20%、30%和40%）和条形荷载位置对挡土墙极限承载力和变形的影响。模型中的加筋材料为自主研发的传感型土工格栅（SEGG），SEGG兼具加固和变形自检测功能，可以通过测试其电阻变化的方法实现对筋材应变的分布式测量。试验结果表明：加筋土挡墙的极限承载力在条形荷载距离侧墙0.4H（H为侧墙高度）时达到最大，同时极限承载力随着TDA质量比增加而减小；破坏时侧墙变形随TDA质量比增加而显著增加，同时侧墙形状随条形荷载的位置不同而不同；通过试验观察可知，滑裂面通过了每层SEGG的最大应变区域；随着条形基础与墙面距离的增加，滑裂面向更深处发展；当条形荷载距离侧墙0.8H时，挡墙破坏模式接近平面基础剪切破坏模式；当TDA质量比达到40%时，TDA与风化料出现离析现象。对比发现，20% TDA质量比更适用于加筋土挡土墙工程；当条形荷载距离侧墙为0.4H时，极限承载力达到最大；锚固楔体法适用于加筋土挡墙滑裂面；SEGG应变的测量结果与滑裂面的试验观察结果吻合较好，同时也证明，TDA质量比和条形基础的位置均对挡墙破坏时的滑裂面有影响。     

单缸摩托车发动机曲柄过量配重的计算与校核

B，θ，C是确定不平衡惯性力椭圆的3个要素，（θ、B／C）决定椭圆的形态，C决定椭圆的大小，而B／C≤cosθ是使M＋N=C的充分必要条件。设计过程中，通过选取合适的θ、B／C值，可以获得理想的椭圆形态，而尽量减小往复力C，如采用轻量化活塞组件，可获得较小的惯性力幅值但要注意（B，θ，C）的变化关系中，避免出现B／C〉cosθ的情况，以防惯性力无端增大。     

A reduced-order nonlinear sliding mode observer for vehicle slip angle and tyre forces

In this paper, a reduced-order sliding mode observer (RO-SMO) is developed for vehicle state estimation. Several improvements are achieved in this paper. First, the reference model accuracy is improved by considering vehicle load transfers and using a precise nonlinear tyre model ‘UniTire’. Second, without the reference model accuracy degraded, the computing burden of the state observer is decreased by a reduced-order approach. Third, nonlinear system damping is integrated into the SMO to speed convergence and reduce chattering. The proposed RO-SMO is evaluated through simulation and experiments based on an in-wheel motor electric vehicle. The results show that the proposed observer accurately predicts the vehicle states.     

明挖地铁车站主体结构最不利设计水位分析

我国华南、华东、华中地区及沿海城市地下水丰富,地下水压力是影响地铁车站主体结构受力的重要因素,随着水头高度的变化结构受力会随之发生改变。为了研究不同的水位对车站主体结构受力的影响,结合众多地下水丰富的地铁工程实例,选取多种水位进行数值模拟计算,结果表明:影响顶板、中板、底板及侧墙的最不利水位并不是统一的水位。为了方便设计,通过将众多正常使用中的地铁车站结构受力情况对比分析,认为:选取工程场地内最高水位进行车站结构受力计算,然后对部分构件配筋面积进行调整,能够满足车站结构安全的要求。