Identifying trip ends from raw GPS data with a hybrid spatio-temporal clustering algorithm and random forest model: a case study in Shanghai

ABSTRACT

Smartphones have been advocated as the preferred devices for travel behavior studies over conventional surveys. But the primary challenges are candidate stops extraction from GPS data and trip ends distinction from noise. This paper develops a Resident Travel Survey System (RTSS) for GPS data collection and travel diary verification, and then uses a two-step method to identify trip ends. In the first step, a density-based spatio-temporal clustering algorithm is proposed to extract candidate stops from trajectories. In the second step, a random forest model is applied to distinguish trip ends from mode transfer points. Results show that the clustering algorithm achieves a precision of 96.2%, a recall of 99.6%, mean absolute error of time within 3?min, and average offset distance within 30 meters. The comprehensive accuracy of trip ends identification is 99.2%. The two-step method performs well in trip ends identification and promotes the efficiency of travel survey systems.     

湿陷性黄土地区高速公路地基处理

以陕甘界至永寿高速公路湿陷性黄土勘察、地基处理为出发点，系统地介绍了自重湿陷性黄土地基处理的原则、进行路基设计时需要考虑的因素以及湿陷性黄土地基的处理措施等，对在湿陷性黄土地区上修建高速公路具有指导意义。     

内蒙铁路运煤专用线圪秋沟工程滑坡勘察及治理

随着中国铁路的发展,在山区修建的铁路越来越多,往往由于对自然界的认识不足或工程活动不当引起诸多的地质病害,其中工程施工引起的斜坡体滑动时有发生,形成机理主要为:一是有发生斜坡滑动的地形,二是有产生的滑动的软弱面,三是降雨的影响,四是工程施工方法不当等。以圪秋沟工程滑坡为实例,针对其形成的原因,通过稳定性检算,采取清方减载、加强地表排水、反压、支挡等治理措施,避免滑坡对工程的影响。     

勘察设计企业保密工作浅析

结合从事档案管理及保密工作的实际，对勘察设计企业保密工作的重要性及如何做好这项工作进行探讨。     

隧道GNSS施工控制网复测若干问题探讨

隧道GNSS施工控制网是保证隧道准确贯通的基础,施工过程中要对其进行周期性复测,确保其成果的稳定性,但目前没有一套合适的复测成果可靠性评价指标可供参考。利用多个已建成和在建隧道施工控制网测量实践数据,对隧道施工控制网的复测方法、复测精度、控制点稳定性评价指标等问题进行分类统计比较和分析探讨,提出采用绝对位置法与相对关系法相结合的综合判断法甄别不稳定控制点,并给出控制网复测精度及控制点稳定性判别指标,为隧道GNSS施工控制网复测标准修订提供借鉴参考。     

一般地面属性区关系的识别与运算

介绍了地面属性区运算的基本概念与目前存在的主要问题 ,提出了在综合数字地面模型建模及运用中 ,一般属性区之间关系识别与运算的一种计算机算法 ,较好地解决了多连域属性区之间的关系和运算问题 .     

A nationwide study of factors associated with household car ownership in China

Car ownership is growing very rapidly in China; whilst this is a reflection of sustained economic growth, it presents a major challenge to Chinese transport policymakers. The consequences of China's motorization also extend beyond the national borders, however, via mechanisms such as increased demand for new automobiles produced in North America and Europe and the global atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gases. Chinese cities are also experimenting with innovative transport policies to manage increasing car ownership, which in a number of cases go beyond the menu of policy options that have traditionally been considered in the West. Despite policy interest for these reasons, China's motorization process is poorly understood, in part due to a scarcity of relevant data.This paper contributes to the body of literature regarding this phenomenon by drawing on a unique data resource: the 2011 wave of the China Household Finance Survey (n = 8438 households). This is a disaggregate national-scale survey dataset developed to monitor economic conditions in China, though to the authors' knowledge the CHFS has not previously been employed to study patterns of car ownership.We report a set of three analyses, to identify factors associated with: 1) whether a household owns at least one car, 2) multiple car ownership, and 3) whether a household owns a new car. Amongst other empirical results, we find that living in a rural area is negatively associated with car ownership, net of confounding effects, and that within towns/cities poor accessibility (i.e. long travel time) to the town/city centre is also negatively associated with car ownership. These findings regarding spatial effects are contrary to typical findings in the West, where car ownership is generally lowest in urban centres.An earlier version of this study was presented at the 2017 Transportation Research Board conference.     

京沪线高铁与民航旅客出行选择行为研究

随着高速铁路的快速建设,其已与民航构成了我国高速客运的主体,使交通运 输方式的供给结构发生了巨大变化.本文通过对京沪线高铁与民航旅客进行SP 和RP调 查,分析京沪线客流的构成和旅客出行方式选择行为特征,并基于非集计理论,构建京沪 线旅客出行选择的Binary Logit 模型,量化各因素对旅客选择的影响程度,该模型准确率 为88%.本文根据调查结果和模型标定参数,对旅客的性别、年龄、月收入、票价、同行人 数、程前时间和出发时间对旅客出行选择行为的影响进行深入分析,结论对了解京沪线 旅客实际出行需求状况,合理设计高铁与民航综合客运产品具有重要意义.     

上海市第五次综合交通调查综合校核技术

居民出行调查主要依赖人工实施完成,受到各种人为因素制约,容易导致调查结果在反映真实出行特征方面存在偏差.因此,需要进一步利用和分析综合交通调查和其他相关数据进行综合校核.以上海市第五次综合交通调查为例,提出人员出行特征和车辆出行特征综合校核的技术方法.利用交通行业相关统计指标、交通大数据、其他专项调查以及交通模型对出行特征指标进行比对校核.重点阐述人员、客车、货车出行特征校核的方法及步骤.最后指出,与以往调查校核相比,本次校核大量应用信息化数据,有效地将传统调查与信息化调查成果相融合.     

基于非集计理论的高速铁路旅客乘车选择行为研究

为研究高速铁路旅客乘车行为选择机理,以非集计离散选择模型理论为依据,分析旅客乘车选择的影响因素,结合2013 年京沪高速铁路旅客出行RP调查数据,以G类高速列车和D类高速列车作为旅客乘车方式选择肢,设置影响旅客乘车选择的特性变量,即旅客主体特性、出行特性、列车服务特性及相应的取值方法,建立旅客乘车方案选择MNL模型.运用SPSS对模型参数进行标定,结果表明,公费出行、月收入较高及出差的旅客偏好选择G类高速列车;自费出行、月收入较低及旅游探亲的旅客偏好选择D类高速列车.上述结论与调查结果基本一致,命中率等参数的计算亦验证了模型的有效性.