基于浮动车数据采集技术的城市交通网络功能评价方法研究

本文利用浮动车采集到的数据,根据科学性、可比性、综合性等原则,采用动静结合的指标体系对现有交通网络的运营状况、存在问题及其潜力建立了一整套完整的指标体系,反馈和检验路网运行的实际效果。采用模糊多层次综合评价方法并结合层次分析法进行综合评判。本文还结合北京市路网实例评价说明综合评价方法的适用性。     

Finding time‐robust fuel‐efficient paths for a call‐taxi in a stochastic city road network

Intra‐city commuting is being revolutionized by call‐taxi services in many developing countries such as India. A customer requests a taxi via phone, and it arrives at the right time and at the right location for the pick‐up. This mode of intra‐city travel has become one of the most reliable and convenient modes of transportation for customers traveling for business and non‐business purposes. The increased number of vehicles on city roads and raising fuel costs has prompted a new type of transportation logistics problem of finding a fuel‐efficient and quickest path for a call‐taxi through a city road network, where the travel times are stochastic. The stochastic travel time of the road network is induced by obstacles such as the traffic signals and intersections. The delay and additional fuel consumption at each of these obstacles are calculated that are later imputed to the total travel time and fuel consumption of a path. A Monte‐Carlo simulation‐based approach is proposed to identify unique fuel‐efficient paths between two locations in a city road network where each obstacle has a delay distribution. A multi‐criteria score is then assigned to each unique path based on the probability that the path is fuel efficient, the average travel time of the path and the coefficient of variation of the travel times of the path. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Motorway crash duration and its determinants: do durations vary across motorways?

Traffic congestion has been a growing issue in many metropolitan areas during recent years, which necessitates the identification of its key contributors and development of sustainable strategies to help decrease its adverse impacts on traffic networks. Road incidents generally and crashes specifically have been acknowledged as the cause of a large proportion of travel delays in urban areas and account for 25% to 60% of traffic congestion on motorways. Identifying the critical determinants of travel delays has been of significant importance to the incident management systems, which constantly collect and store the incident duration data. This study investigates the individual and simultaneous differential effects of the relevant determinants on motorway crash duration probabilities. In particular, it applies parametric Accelerated Failure Time (AFT) hazard‐based models to develop in‐depth insights into how the crash‐specific characteristic and the associated temporal and infrastructural determinants impact the duration. AFT models with both fixed and random parameters have been calibrated on one year of traffic crash records from two major Australian motorways in South East Queensland, and the differential effects of determinants on crash survival functions have been studied on these two motorways individually. A comprehensive spectrum of commonly used parametric fixed parameter AFT models, including generalized gamma and generalized F families, has been compared with random parameter AFT structures in terms of goodness of fit to the duration data, and as a result, the random parameter Weibull AFT model has been selected as the most appropriate model. Significant determinants of motorway crash duration included traffic diversion requirement, crash injury type, number and type of vehicles involved in a crash, day of week and time of day, towing support requirement and damage to the infrastructure. A major finding of this research is that the motorways under study are significantly different in terms of crash durations; such that motorway 1 exhibits durations that are on average 19% shorter compared with the durations on motorway 2. The differential effects of explanatory variables on crash durations are also different on the two motorways. The detailed presented analysis confirms that looking at the motorway network as a whole, neglecting the individual differences between roads, can lead to erroneous interpretations of duration and inefficient strategies for mitigating travel delays along a particular motorway.     

橡胶沥青生产工艺关键技术参数的研究

通过分析高速剪切搅拌和低速叶片式搅拌等搅拌方式以及橡胶粉规格和掺量对橡胶沥青性能的影响,建立175,200和225℃条件下橡胶沥青粘度和延度随搅拌时间的变化规律,提出了以粘度为核心控制指标的橡胶沥青生产工艺参数的确定方法．基于室内测试结果,提出了橡胶沥青技术要求．通过橡胶沥青试生产,验证了橡胶沥青生产工艺的技术参数．对生产的橡胶沥青及其混合料性能进行了测试,其各项指标满足相关技术要求．     

ISO水泥胶砂强度检验方法探讨

就水泥检验方法的发展过程探讨了我国实施ISO水泥胶砂强度检验方法的意义。     

随机截断数据的非参数积累生存风险估计的强相合性

本文计论了对于随机截断数据情形,积累生存风险Λ(t)的Nelson估 计和peterson估计的强相合性,并得至,1其收敛速度为O(n-1/2ln1/2n)。      

高等级公路沥青路面养护标准研究

建立了高等级公路沥青路面的使用性能评价指标体系 ,并针对各个指标 ,提出了相应的养护标准 ,对养护工程具有一定的参考价值     

关于城市高架桥梁装配率核算方法的探讨

装配式建筑工程的评价标准相对比较完善,而装配式桥梁工程暂无正式颁布的评价标准,桥梁工程的评价体系与建筑工程存在较大的区别,不能直接套用。基于现桥梁工程装配率计算的研究成果,分别对评价指标的选择与权重系数的选取进行了系统研究,得到了推荐的城市高架桥梁装配率核算公式;通过对无锡多个桥梁工程装配率的计算,提出了装配式桥梁的评判标准。本文通过对城市高架桥梁装配率核算方法的研究,以期促进桥梁装配式的进一步推广利用。     

列车脱轨研究最新进展

从脱轨原因、脱轨评判标准、脱轨试验及脱轨分析等4个方面对国内外脱轨研究进行了简要历史回顾.在此基础上,总结了近20年来国内外研究者在脱轨研究方面取得的进展.中南大学列车脱轨研究组在近10年的研究中,提出了一套全新的列车脱轨分析理论,取得了突破性进展及实质性的应用成果,对此进行了简单介绍.最后对脱轨研究需进一步进行的工作提出了作者们的一些观点.     

水下爆炸试验相似准则

水下爆炸现象很复杂,根本不可能做到完全性的相似,哪怕做到一般船舶力学中的流体近似相似也相当困难.因此文献中有关水下爆炸相似律的描述就显得特别简单、笼统和模糊.文章首先对已经公认的一次冲击波的相似律作些解释,说明对一次冲击波的相似律也就是这些了,否则只能做原型试验,再对文献中没有出现过的气泡脉冲相似律的选择作了推导,最后将水下爆炸相似律拓广到与结构耦合上去.