基于本体的语义推理研究

语义Web作为新一代Web正倍受关注,而Web的资源描述语言RDF、RDF的词汇描述RDF Schema,以及最新的本体语言OWL等已成为现今语义Web上的规范语言.文中概述了本体语言和描述逻辑及它们之间的关系,并通过一个实例显示了一个本体文件中传递闭包的推理路径.     

国外公路生态影响大尺度合作性研究

大尺度合作性研究不足会忽视很多道路生态影响,造成一定程度上的科研空区,甚至产生错误的研究成果。基于此,通过分析道路生态影响作用尺度及现存研究所存问题,同时详细探讨国外大尺度合作性研究的概况,并提出公路生态影响大尺度合作性研究适用领域及相应的方法和实施步骤,可以提高学术界对道路生态影响大尺度合作性研究的重视,提高道路生态影响科研水平。     

大型活动中突发事件对交通流的时空影响

为了研究大型活动消散过程中交通流分布状况,分析了大型活动中突发事件对交通流分布的时空影响特征,总结了突发事件下常用的交通管制和疏导措施,将静态多路径交通分配方法与元胞传输模型(CTM)相结合,设计出了适合突发事件下的准动态交通分配方法.对一个小规模路网进行仿真,计算了突发事件下各交叉口节点的拥堵时刻,研究了路网拥堵的形成及消散的时空变化规律,并对两组不同管控方案下交通流疏散效率进行了对比.对比结果表明:不同控制方案下的路网在仿真时段内平均车辆延误分别为197、232 S·pcu-1,由该指标可以判断方案一优于方案二,因此,基于CTM的准动态交通分配方法可定量评价突发事件下交通组织方案的效果.     

三维方位关系的定性描述与定性推理

结合定性推理、空间推理与人工智能产生的定性空间推理,已成为人工智能的1个研究热点,是空间关系的重要组成部分,为空间方位关系空间分析、辅助决策等提供了基础。因此,空间方位关系的形式化描述与定性推理非常重要。本文用单纯形数据模型描述三维空间实体,通过研究单纯形间的方向关系研究空间实体间的方向关系。提出采用三元组描述了两空间对象间的三维方位关系,并对该描述方法的定性推理作了详细研究。三维方位关系分为单方位关系与多方位关系,重点研究了单方位关系定性推理,在此基础上分析了多方位关系定性推理与单方位关系定性推理方法的联系,将多方位关系定性推理转化为对多个单方位关系定性的推理。     

Development of a knowledge-based hybrid failure diagnosis system for urban transit

Urban transit is a complex system that contains both electrical and mechanical entities; therefore, it is necessary to construct a maintenance system for ensuring safety during high-speed driving. Expert systems are computer programs that use numerical or non-numerical domain-specific knowledge to solve problems. This research aims to develop an expert system that diagnoses the causes of failures quickly and displays measures to correct them. For the development of this expert system, the standardization of a failure code classification and the creation of a Bill of Materials (BOM) were first performed. Through the analysis of both failure history and maintenance manuals, a knowledge base has been constructed. Also, for retrieving the procedure of failure diagnosis and repair linking with the knowledge base, we have built a Rule-Based Reasoning (RRB) engine with a pattern matching technique and a Case-Based Reasoning (CBR) engine with a similar search method. Finally, this system has been developed as web based in order to maximize accessibility.     

CASE STORAGE BASED ON RELATIONAL DATABASE

IntroductionCase- Based Reasoning ( CBR) ,as a relativelynew methodology,has attracted wide concern ofAI researchers since1 980 's.The number of suc-cessful applications of CBR is growing rapidly,especially in the fields of architecture and indus-try,e.g. ARCHI- II[1] for the architecture designof courthouse and MIDAS[2 ] for the conceptualdesign of aircraft.The currently prevailing CBD systems mostlytreat cases as instances of some predeterminedand static case template.Such an appro…     

成都市轨道交通客流特征分析及启示

成都市轨道交通刚刚起步,正在追赶高速发展的城镇化进程和较为清晰的城市空间布局。基于2010—2016年轨道交通运营客流数据,分析成都市开通轨道交通线路七年来的客流变化特征和成长规律,涉及客流总量、客流强度、换乘系数、换乘客流量、线路断面流量分布、进出站客流时间分布等。比较成都与北京、上海、广州等中国超大城市的轨道交通客流水平、增长步伐、变化趋势,总结成都市轨道交通客流与城市空间结构的关系,探讨对成都市轨道交通规划建设工作的启示。     

Analysis of taxi demand and supply in New York City: implications of recent taxi regulations

This paper investigates temporal and weather-related variation in taxi trips in New York City. A taxi trip data-set with 147 million records covering 10 months of activity is used. It is shown that there are substantial variations in ridership, taxi supply, trip distance, and pickup frequency for different time periods and weather conditions. These variations, in turn, cause variations in driver revenues which is one of the main measures of taxi supply–demand equilibrium. The findings are then used to discuss the anticipated impacts of two recently enacted taxi regulation changes: the first fare increase since 2006 and the E-Hail pilot program which allows taxi hailing with smart phone applications. The fare increase is estimated to cause varying levels of revenue increase for different time periods. E-Hail apps are not expected to offer considerable improvements at all times, but rather when both adequate taxi supply and demand occur simultaneously.     

Cost overruns in transportation infrastructure projects: Sowing the seeds for a probabilistic theory of causation

Understanding the cause of cost overruns in transportation infrastructure projects has been a topic that has received considerable attention from academics and the popular press. Despite studies providing the essential building blocks and frameworks for cost overrun mitigation and containment, the problem still remains a pervasive issue for Governments worldwide. The interdependency that exists between ‘causes’ that lead to cost overruns materialising have largely been ignored when considering the likelihood and impact of their occurrence. The vast majority of the cost overrun literature has tended to adopt a deterministic approach in examining the occurrence of the phenomenon; in this paper a shift towards the adoption of pluralistic probabilistic approach to cost overrun causation is proposed. The establishment of probabilistic theory incorporates the ability to consider the interdependencies of causes so to provide Governments with a holistic understanding of the uncertainties and risks that may derail the delivery and increase the cost of transportation infrastructure projects. This will further assist in the design of effective mitigation and containment strategies that will ensure future transportation infrastructure projects meet their expected costs as well as the need of taxpayers.     

基于主成分分析的军用软件成本类比估算

论文探讨基于案例库的军用软件成本类比估算法。首先采用主成分分析抽取最具代表的软件度量组合,以此建立综合评估模型,以软件综合评估值为软件相似度度量,分析相似度与成本之间的相关关系,进而估算当前软件成本。案例的成功应用证明了方法的可行性和有效性。