铁路客运枢纽规划建设管理机制与设计理念

随着中国大量铁路客运枢纽的建成使用以及铁路建设机制的变化,有必要对枢纽规划建设经验进行总结。铁路客运枢纽规划建设需要解决的问题主要体现在管理机制和设计理念两方面。管理机制方面,存在铁路与地方规划部门脱节、枢纽各方建设主体缺乏互动、缺少公众参与和社会监督等问题。对此提出建立铁路建设各个阶段与城市规划的衔接机制,出台枢纽规划建设统一标准,贯彻建设运营一体化的思路,建立公众参与和社会监督机制等规划建设管理思路。同时指出枢纽规划建设中需坚持枢纽与城市一体化发展、公交优先、集约利用土地、因地制宜和以人为本的设计理念。     

乡镇达标渡口建设管理模式的探讨

本文以鲜码村为例,总结了做好渡口渡船专项整治工作,积极探索建设管理达标渡口途径,完善整合以村带渡,"以奖代补"建渡,交通、海事扶渡的三种发展模式,加快渡口达标进程的经验。     

合肥枢纽列控过渡方案研究

结合合肥枢纽改造工程的实践，对枢纽列控过渡的必要性和过渡方案进行分析研究，并对最终实施的情况进行介绍，为将来的客专线路和枢纽改造信号工程的实施确立了先例，并提供一些解决问题的思路。     

浅谈怀化枢纽K440所改造施工方案优化

对怀化枢纽K440所扩能改造施工方案进行了分析，为了减少停电天窗内施工的工作量和施工的难度，确保大拨接的顺利完成提出优化施工方案，并对该方案提出了相应施工措施。     

The Indian dry ports sector, pricing policies and opportunities for public-private partnerships

At the time of writing (2010), the world is witnessing the aftermath of the most severe financial sector meltdown in modern economic history caused by the real estate bubble in the United States. Its consequences on the real economy, especially in Europe, are yet to be fathomed, and this of course includes the longer-term impacts on international ocean transportation, ports and the distribution of global production.The economic recession has left the international shipping and port sectors with substantial overcapacity. This has resulted in drastic cost cutting measures on the one hand, and voluntary, often consensual, and coordinated reduction of supply on the other. These measures, together with a noticeable recovery in demand, are gradually leading again to improvement in prices charged by carriers and other transport service providers.In view of the country’s expanse; size of population; and regional inequalities, India’s dry ports (inland cargo consolidation and distribution centres) are seen by the government as a pivot of export-led growth and economic development (Haralambides & Gujar, 2011). Moreover, public and private sectors alike see the coordinated development of dry ports as the only way forward in terms of easing pressures at congested coastal ports, thus improving supply chain efficiency. In spite of this, dry port development and operations are still dominated by the public sector, under prices, capacity, land acquisition policies and other conditions that make private sector participation risky and comparatively unattractive. In order to rationalize dry port capacity and prices, this paper argues in favour of greater devolution through competition-enhancing Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs). The paper puts forward recommendations for the necessary legal, regulatory and general economic policy interventions based on international best practice, while keeping Indian specificities in the right perspective.     

高铁枢纽设计的协同机制

中国高铁枢纽设计工作普遍缺乏一个多方参与的协同机制,建筑师对于以交通功能为导向的枢纽设计缺乏经验,同时相关部门之间缺乏高效的沟通与协作。总结了中国在高铁枢纽设计过程中面临的管理和技术挑战,提出建立由业主、规划部门、建筑师、交通咨询顾问、运营管理者和投资商多方参与的协同机制。深入探讨了协调机制在枢纽设计原则和交通分析中的体现,并以换乘比例的确定和仿真分析为例,说明协同机制在交通分析工作中的应用。     

Evaluation of alternative scenarios of labour flexibility for dockworkers in maritime container terminals

In the competitive environment of Container Terminals (CTs), it is essential to reduce unproductive costs and to offer efficient services to shipping companies. One of the most important factors for CT efficiency is to plan workforce optimally. However, in some CTs, strict work regulations can avoid an optimal use of the available resources leading to longer operation times and to additional related costs. This study analyses labour regulations in Italian CTs and evaluates the effects of a greater labour flexibility at the operational level by hypothesising an increase of the labour flexibility allowed within the pool of internal dockworkers. The scenario representing the current work organisation in Italian CTs is compared to five new scenarios constructed by increasing the share of daily working flexibility and introducing a new type of labour flexibility, the so-called mini-flexibility. The use of a state-of-the-art Integer Linear Programming Model for the daily assignment of human resources in CTs allows to simulate the quantitative effects of each scenario in terms of operating costs and workers undermanning. Quantitative results support the idea that an increased labour flexibility in CT activities can actually lead to a significant reduction of the operating costs and to a greater efficiency of the CT.     

Multioutput analysis of cargo handling firms: An application to a Spanish port

Cargo handling in ports is a multioutput activity, as freight can arrive in many forms such as containers, bulk, rolling stock, or non-containerised general cargo. In this paper, the operation of cargo handling firms in a Spanish port is analysed through the estimation of a multioutput cost model that uses monthly data on three representative firms located at the Las Palmas port. This permits the calculation of product specific marginal costs, economies of scale (general and by firm) and economies of scope, which help identifying optimal pricing policies and the potential cost advantages of increasing production.     

公路站场规划布局方案综合评价方法研究

确定了合理的评价指标体系,并在此基础上采用熵值法和广义效用函数法相结合的方法对站场规划方案进行综合评价。在评价过程中,首先采取极值处理法对各个评价指标的计算结果进行规范化处理,其次利用熵值法科学的确定各评价指标的权重,通过广义效用函数计算各方案的广义效用函数值,从而对站场规划进行多方案的综合评价。最后以浙江省东阳市的站场规划布局为例,介绍了该方法的应用过程。     

高铁枢纽设施布局评价方法

针对已有高铁枢纽设施布局评价方法存在的不足,提出以乘客集散状况为核心的评价方法。基于乘客在枢纽核心区内的集散时间、集散距离分析,细化评价指标,选取平均集散时间、平均集散距离、90%乘客集散时间、90%乘客集散距离为具体指标。以乘客出行链为分析单元对传统的交通分配模型进行改进,提出具体指标的详细计算方法。以石家庄高铁枢纽规划设计为例,应用提出的评价方法对两个规划方案进行评价。结果显示,两个方案的平均集散时间为20~25 min、集散距离为700~2 000 m,均处于合理范围,但方案二交通集散效率更高,最终作为推荐方案。