Ground truthing sediment profile imagery with traditional benthic survey data along an established disturbance gradient

Macrobenthic surveys are an expensive, slow and labour intensive means to establish the health of benthic communities. Sediment profile imagery (SPI) is a means of rapid reconnaissance for monitoring large areas of the benthos. SPI has often been used to monitor gross anthropogenic disturbance. The aim of this study is to determine if SPI can be used as a tool to reliably map change in communities along natural estuarine gradients. Macrobenthic sampling was carried out at five stations along an established estuarine gradient. This faunal data was analysed using standard multivariate techniques and to ground truth a concurrent SPI survey. Faunal analysis showed that habitat quality in Inner Galway Bay was generally good, with some localised disturbance from the River Corrib and the sewage out flow exterior to the city dock. Four distinct groups were identified with a degree of overlap occurring between stations 3 and 4. While existing SPI indices mapped habitat quality in the same manner as the faunal data for end member stations, the level of distinction between the habitats of an intermediate staging was found to be poor. This lack of distinction amongst the stage 2 and 3 stations was overcome by developing a tailored index, the Galway Bay index of habitat quality (GBHQ). This index was derived from the 5 observed variables in the SPI data that were determined to best match the faunal distribution by permutative mantel testing. The 5 observed variables from the SPI data were the depth of the apparent redox potential discontinuity (aRPD), the depth of penetration by the prism, and the presence/absence of infauna, surface faecal pellet layer and biogenic mounding. The GBHQ was able to distinguish between the 5 stations to a greater extent than previously described indices, showing clearly the separate groupings defined by the faunal data. The index was tested on a follow up SPI survey and shown to be applicable in mapping a broader range of habitats in Galway Bay. Indices generated for localised mapping of estuarine gradients should be derived from observed features and be ground truthed using faunal data. Some aspects of the GBHQ should be generally applicable to fine grained boreal estuarine sediments (aRPD/penetration), while others may be of limited utility in other locations depending on the digging characteristics of the particular SPI camera, and local factors influencing the persistence of biogenic features in the profile. This derivation technique provides a simple way to optimise SPI to particular studies and localities.     

新开通地铁城市乘客安全知识认知度调研

为了解和掌握杭州等新开通地铁城市的乘客乘坐地铁出行所具备的安全知识、安全意识水平,利用调查问卷的方法对乘客基本安全知识的认知程度、安全意识、安全行为和突发事件的反应进行初步调查分析与研究。结果表明:63%的乘客对于安全标识的含义、紧急报警装置等了解程度不高;87.88%的乘客表示没有接受过相关安全知识的宣传教育;68.19%的乘客对于地铁这种特殊的公共交通工具的安全性表现出主动关心;90%以上的乘客未携带危险品进站乘车、未在站内/车厢内吸烟,安全行为较好;同时当地铁站内发生突发事件(如火灾、爆炸、停电、恐怖袭击等)时,57.58%的受访者表示在面临危险的情况下可以保持镇定的态度并能听从指挥。     

城市轨道交通大小交路模式列车开行方案的优化

列车开行方案是城市轨道交通运输组织的基础.大小交路模式列车开行方案规定各时间段内各交路上开行列车对数.分析大小交路模式乘客出行成本和企业运营成本的计算方法,以乘客出行成本及运输企业运营成本最小化为目标,以列车追踪间隔时间、乘客需求和最大可用车底数量为约束,构建城市轨道交通大小交路模式列车开行方案双目标混合整数非线性规划模型.采用理想点法将原模型转化为单目标模型,借助Lingo11.0求解.通过算例验证模型的合理性,并对折返站和小交路区段客流比重进行成本的灵敏度分析,结果表明:小交路折返站的选取对成本影响显著,且小交路区段客流比重越高,开行大小交路模式越有利于降低运输成本.     

城轨交通中三轨系统有限元模型及其动力特性

建立了由钢铝复合轨、绝缘支架、支撑卡爪和支架底座组成的三轨系统的有限元模型,计算了其动力特性,分析了下部桥梁结构振动的影响,为轨道的磨耗磨损研究及集电靴与接触轨的动态受流仿真的进一步研究建立基础。研究得出,三轨系统前十阶的自振频率范围与桥梁结构的自振频率相差较大,两者不会发生共振。     

城轨直流牵引供电系统短路试验

阐述直流牵引供电系统短路试验的目的和意义。结合实际工程直流牵引供电系统短路试验,介绍短路点的选取、对地短路短接方式等重要的试验程序和试验方法。对实际短路情况的数据结果进行分析,为直流牵引供电系统短路试验的进一步研究提供参考。     

现代有轨电车无砟轨道的路基设计探讨

现代有轨电车无砟轨道路基与传统的有砟轨道路基、客运专线无砟轨道路基相比,有一定的差别。结合工程设计经验,从路基面、基床厚度及填料要求、沉降要求、排水方面对现代有轨电车路基设计进行分析与论述,对无砟轨道路基结构进行计算分析,量化基床厚度、基床表层厚度、基床底层厚等技术指标,可为其他新建有轨电车工程设计提供参考。     

刚构-连续梁桥船撞桥墩最不利位置及安全性评价

以湘府路湘江大桥(65+5×120+65)m刚构-连续梁桥为工程背景,采用2种方法研究了桥墩在纵横向船舶撞击力作用下的墩身弯矩随船舶撞击高度的变化规律,以确定船撞桥墩的最不利位置。方法一采用简化计算模型进行桥墩弯矩公式推导,方法二采用Midas Civil建立空间有限元仿真全桥模型进行墩身弯矩计算。计算结果表明:有限元仿真全桥模型计算得出的墩身弯矩与简化计算模型推导出的结论是一致的,在船撞力作用下整个桥墩中墩底弯矩最大,且墩底弯矩随着船撞力作用点的升高而增大;简化计算模型中采用了若干简化处理,在进行桥梁船撞安全性评价时宜采用有限元仿真全桥模型计算。本文结果对桥墩设计与船撞安全评价具有一定的指导意义,并在此基础上对此刚构—连续梁桥船撞桥墩安全性进行了评价。     

地铁双层车辆段信号设备布置和工程配合研究

针对地铁双层车辆段的土建工程特点,通过对出段列车运行能力的分析,提出适应双层车辆段特点和运营需求的信号设备平面布置以及信号工程实施的配合措施,可为今后双层车辆段的信号工程设计提供参考和借鉴。     

我国首次采用的高架车场及综合维修基地一武汉市轨道交通1号线一期工程石乔 口路车场

武汉市轨道交通1号线一期工程的硚口路车场及综合维修基地是我国目前城市轨道交通车场设计中首次采用的高架车场。设计人员在建筑、结构、工艺等的设计中克服了没有相适应的设计规范和用地面积狭小等特殊环境产生的困难,提出了较合理的布局、在列车荷载作用下房屋结构的荷载计算办法、减振降噪措施,以及对车场轨道布置采取的对策。     

引江济淮工程派河口船闸通航水流条件及改善措施

派河口船闸是引江济淮派河口枢纽重要组成部分,位于派河入巢湖口门段,建设条件复杂。综合已有工程、河道边界和相关规划,提出了复线船闸平面布置初拟方案。采用定床河工模型试验的技术手段对船闸下游引航道与口门区通航水流条件开展了详尽研究,探明了节制闸泄洪时下游通航水域纵向和横向表面流速、流态特征,分析了通航水流条件不满足规范要求的原因,指出可通过岸线平顺、新开泄洪分流通道和控制临界安全泄洪流量等措施进行改善。优化后的方案可满足设计要求,为工程设计和今后运行管理提供技术支撑。