Reduction of capacity and projected costs associated with seat belt installation on school buses

This study examines the potential effects the installation of seat belts on school buses would have on the fleet capacity in Alabama and the resulting cost implications. The study also documents the myriad research studies and professional opinions offered on the potential safety effects of equipping school buses with safety restraints/seat belts. Four seat configurations for the school buses were analyzed. The first configuration represents the most common current bus seating configuration without seat belts, 3 seats on each side of the aisle and 12 rows (3/3-12). The physical space required for seat belt hardware may result in a loss of a row of seats and may reduce the number of students seated per row. Thus, three more configurations were studied: loss of a row of seats (3/3-11), loss of one seat per row (3/2-12), and loss of both a row of seats and a seat per row (3/2-11). The capacity for each configuration for each bus using current pupil loads was determined. The costs associated with installation of seat belts, and purchase and operation of new buses were obtained. Should school bus seat belts become mandatory in Alabama, the results obtained in this study can be used by any school system to determine the optimum configuration for their pupils, which will identify the number of additional buses that must be purchased by the school system. This study found that many of the buses that would become overloaded due to seat belt installation and the resultant loss of seating will be carrying only a few excess pupils. Transportation supervisors may be able to handle such overloads by transferring these pupils to other buses or by adjusting their bus routes to minimize purchase of new buses. Additional suggestions for handling bus overloads were offered in the body of this report.     

The effect of spring pads in the secondary suspension of railway vehicles on bogie yaw resistance

This paper deals with properties of bogie yaw resistance of an electric locomotive with secondary suspension consisting of flexi-coil springs supplemented with tilting spring pads. Transversal stiffness of a sample of a spring/pad assembly was measured on a dynamic test stand of the University of Pardubice (Czech Republic) and the results were applied into a multi-body model of the locomotive created in the simulation tool ‘SJKV’. On the basis of the simulation results, a detailed analysis of the bogie yaw resistance was performed in order to explain the effect in dynamic behaviour of the locomotive when the moment against bogie rotation (and therefore the distribution of guiding forces on individual wheels, as well) is influenced with the vehicle speed in a certain curve. Results of this analysis show that the application of suspension elements with strongly directionally dependent transversal stiffness into the secondary suspension can just lead to a dependency of the bogie yaw resistance on cant deficiency, i.e. on the vehicle speed in curve. This fact has wide consequences on the vehicle dynamics (especially on the guiding behaviour of the vehicle in curves) and it also points out that the current method of evaluation of the bogie yaw resistance according to relevant standards, which is related with assessment of the quasistatic safety of a railway vehicle against derailment, is not objective enough.     

三茂内燃摆式动车组内装及部件设计

阐述了三茂内燃摆式动车组的内装及部件结构设计理念,并介绍了其结构创新情况。     

On-track test of tilt control strategies for less motion sickness on tilting trains

Carbody tilting is today a mature and inexpensive technology that permits higher train speeds in horizontal curves, thus shortening travel time. However, tilting trains run a greater risk of causing motion sickness than non-tilting ones. It is likely that the difference in motions between the two train types contributes to the observed difference in risk of motion sickness. Decreasing the risk of motion sickness has until now been equal to increasing the discomfort related to quasi-static lateral acceleration. But, there is a difference in time perception between discomfort caused by quasi-static quantities and motion sickness, which opens up for new solutions. One proposed strategy is to let the local track conditions influence the tilt and give each curve its own optimised tilt angle. This is made possible by new tilt algorithms, storing track data and using a positioning system to select the appropriate data. The present paper reports from on-track tests involving more than 100 test subjects onboard a tilting train. A technical approach is taken evaluating the effectiveness of the new tilt algorithms and the different requirements on quasi-static lateral acceleration and lateral jerk in relative terms. The evaluation verifies that the rms values important for motion sickness can be influenced without changing the requirements on quasi-static lateral acceleration and lateral jerk. The evaluation shows that reduced quantities of motions assumed to have a relation to motion sickness also lead to a reduction in experienced motion sickness. However, a limitation of applicability is found as the lowest risk of motion sickness was not recorded for the test case with motions closest to those of a non-tilting train. An optimal level of tilt, different from no tilt at all, is obtained. This non-linear relation has been observed by other researchers in laboratory tests.     

A study on the effect of different tyre imperfections on steering wheel vibration

Multibody dynamics and tyre models have made possible detailed analysis not only for ride and handling, but also for determining their effects on tyre nonuniformities. The aim of this paper is to analyse the steering wheel vibration, both shimmy and shake, excited by different tyre imperfections by using the commercial simulation package ADAMS/car 2005R2 and FTire. Different settings with respect to imperfection locations, amount, and the combined effects of defects have been studied. An interesting beat phenomenon is observed when all the wheels have imperfections. A procedure to determine the type of imperfections in the tyre from the results of the test rig has also been proposed.     

电厂煤取样装置的技术改造

取样装置是浙江浙能兰溪发电有限责任公司的输煤皮带设备，该公司技术人员通过对取样装置频繁发生堵煤而无法正常投运的原因进行分析，提出合理的各机构改进方案，并对其实施技术改造，取得了较满意的效果。     

砂卵石层矩形顶管机切削技术及排渣系统研究与应用

为探索矩形顶管机在砂卵石层中的适应性,以成都市下穿人民南路人行通道矩形顶管项目为依托,对矩形顶管机在砂卵石地层中的组合式刀盘布置、下部刀盘减阻技术、螺旋机叶片安装位置和闸门结构形式等切削及排渣关键技术进行研究。结果表明： 1）采用同平面刀盘开挖形式,可减少前后刀盘布置带来的卡卵石现象,避免卵石对刀盘的的冲击,更能适应砂卵石地层的施工; 2）全部或部分切除下部刀盘加强大圆环,进行结构优化,在满足砂卵石地层开挖需求的同时,降低切削转矩20％左右; 3）带式双螺旋输送机螺旋叶片伸入土舱设计使螺旋输送机携渣能力提高3倍,且弧形闸门装置能够对渣土实现有效封堵。     

船舶环形总段吊带吊装工艺技术应用研究

本文论述了吊带作为新型吊索具在船舶环形总段吊装过程中的应用,通过对吊装过程中的吊车起吊能力、吊带布置及受力的计算分析,并对总段结构强度进行结构有限元计算和校核,研究制订了环形总段吊带吊装方案,确保了总段吊装的安全、顺利实施。     

斜井带式输送机出碴定额测定的研究

为合理缩短企业内部施工定额编制周期,对斜井带式输送机出碴定额测定方法进行了优化研究,设定了子目划分、样本选择、测定模型建立、数据采集和测定计算等企业施工定额编制的必要流程和相关测定原则,本方法可以应用于相对独立单项工序施工定额的快速测定。     

流程空载实时监测C/S系统下的语音报警系统

为减少皮带机流程空载,为秦港煤五期中控400多条流程设计和实现空载实时自行监测系统,介绍了原先设备技术状况,技术革新的内容,工艺路线图和创新点及技术关键.首次实现了在服务器上监测流程空载,在网络任意客户端的可选择的实时空载语音提示,提高了及时发现和处理流程空载能力.