三线扭摆系统测量刚体转动惯量试验方法改进

获取汽车零部件总成刚体转动惯量是汽车系统设计的重要前提之一。从三线扭摆法测量刚体转动惯量的原理出发,分析引起试验误差的主要因素,总结了一套更为方便、可靠的测量三线摆周期的方法。其关键技术有:(1)由加速度传感器和数据采集系统获取三线摆圆盘切向加速度的时间历程信号;(2)通过计数和频谱分析分别得到三线摆周期并进行比较分析。试验过程中容易引起误差的环节较多,通过规则体质量块试验验证和大量的汽车零部件总成转动惯量识别试验,证明这一方法的准确性和实用性。     

On maximum forces exerted by floating ice on a structure due to constrained thermal expansion of ice

The problem of interaction between a floating ice cover and an engineering structure is considered, in which the ice–structure contact forces are caused by an increase in ice temperature due to solar radiation in situations, when the lateral thermal expansion of ice is constrained. The focus is on the determination of the maximum thermally-induced horizontal force exerted on a structure wall, assuming that the magnitude of this force is bound by the smallest force capable of fracturing the ice cover due to its buckling. The ice cover is modelled as a rectangular plate of uniform thickness, with its four edges being constrained by vertical rigid walls, and it is assumed that ice deforms, and eventually fails, by the mechanism of viscous creep buckling. The plate is subjected to in-plane axial compressive stresses developing in ice to prevent its thermal expansion due to solar heating, and is transversely (vertically) bent by the forces caused by the reaction of underlying water. The floating ice is treated as a material whose elastic and viscous properties depend on temperature and the ice porosity, and therefore they vary with time and the depth of ice. The results of numerical simulations, conducted for a variety of the ice plate horizontal dimensions, thicknesses and daytime temperature-change scenarios, illustrate the evolution of the plate deflection surface prior to its failure, and show the time variation of the maximum forces exerted by ice on a structure wall as functions of the ice thickness and maximum daytime temperature rise at the top surface of ice.     

考虑腐蚀损伤的FPSO船体结构强度LC演变特性

在建立全船有限元模型的基础上,基于腐蚀模型完成各服役年限模型的更新,并使用自主开发的软件,依据规范,对浮式生产储卸油装置(Floating Production Storage and Offloading,FPSO)船体结构进行屈服强度与屈曲强度的直接计算。结果表明,在生命周期(Life Cycle,LC)内各年限船体结构强度计算结果均满足规范值。受腐蚀损伤影响,FPSO船体结构的屈服利用因子与屈曲利用因子逐渐增加;随服役时间增加,二者增长趋势逐渐加快。研究结果对FPSO的设计、维护与延寿具有一定的参考价值。     

钢框架结构钢骨消能支撑的抗震性能研究

通过对钢框架、钢支撑钢框架和钢骨消能支撑钢框架结构体系的弹性反应谱分析、弹性以及弹塑性时程分析,对比研究了3种钢框架结构体系的抗震性能。分析结果表明,钢骨消能支撑钢框架结构体系能有效地消散输入结构的地震能量,减少结构地震反应对钢框架梁柱的非线性性能的需求。同时由于钢骨消能支撑的作用,避免了钢框架结构的局部失稳,提高了结构的弹塑性变形能力和延性。     

无摇枕转向架用空气弹簧扭转疲劳试验标准分析

根据我国轨道车辆运用特点,通过对比分析国内外轨道车辆用空气弹簧主要标准条款,包括TB/T2841—2005《铁道车辆空气弹簧》、EN 13597-2003《铁道车辆用橡胶悬挂部件——空气弹簧胶囊》和JIS E 4206-1989《铁道车辆用弹簧装置》标准,从试验方法和判断准则等方面进行了分析,以满足轨道车辆的运行性能和安全需要为目的,指出了国内无摇枕转向架用空气弹簧扭转疲劳试验标准应具有的原则。     

扭曲载荷对160km/h货车转向架构架焊缝的疲劳损伤影响

依据UIC510-3规定的动态疲劳试验载荷和IIW提供的焊接接头疲劳强度S-N曲线,基于结构有限元分析技术和Palmgren-Miner线性累积损伤准则,对160 km/h货车转向架焊接构架侧梁主结构焊缝接头的疲劳损伤进行数值仿真计算。着重研究有无扭曲载荷作用下,各疲劳关注部位累积损伤的变化程度和规律。仿真结果及综合分析表明:扭曲载荷作用导致的损伤增幅在累积损伤较高部位最大仅约为6%,其对构架主结构的疲劳损伤影响极为有限。因此考虑到疲劳试验设备的加载能力,对160 km/h货车转向架焊接构架及摇枕进行动态疲劳试验时可不必施加线路扭曲载荷。     

任意形状明置基础扭转振动复合集总参数模型

根据基础振动弹性半空间理论的最新成果,推导出一个计算明置基础扭转振动的复合集总参数模型.采用该模型对复杂形状的明置块体基础在扭转谐和扰力作用下的动力响应进行计算,并将振幅计算结果与采用由弹性半空间理论所得到的基础扭转振动刚度和阻尼公式(由大量试验、数值计算所证实)的振幅计算结果进行比较,结果表明:两者结采非常吻合,误差仅为3.13%.利用该模型可以容易地计算在扭转扰力作用下任意频率、任意泊松比和任意形状(不包括环型)的均质半空间上块体明置基础的动力响应.     

基于曲轴扭振诊断内燃机各缸作功状况

提出依据实测曲轴某一个惯量的扭转振动，反算各缸的平均有效压力，藉以诊断多缸内燃机各缸作功状况。用子空间法找出各缸平均有效压力与测点扭振角度间的传递关系，再用最小二乘法求解矛盾方程，进而得到各缸的平均有效压力。在6135柴油机上验证了所采用方法的正确性。     

机车柴油机轴系扭振的减振特性分析

分析了减振器和弹性联轴节在机车柴油机轴系扭振中的减振特性。减振器能显地减小振振幅和附加剪应力，弹性联轴节可以明显地改变低频固有频率和临界转速，对减小振幅和应力有效果，但会使某些节点的振幅和某些轴段的应力增大。     

A rail roughness growth model for a wheelset with non-steady,non-Hertzian contact

This paper presents a model simulating rail roughness growth in which the interaction of a wheelset with the track is considered. The aim is to investigate any possible mechanism for roughness growth due to the coupling between the vertical dynamics, the torsional vibration across the axle of the wheelset and the non-steady contact mechanics. The time-domain simulations are carried out for a driven wheelset on tangent track. Both rigid and flexible are considered with parameter variations for moments of the wheelset, vehicle speeds and wavelengths of initial roughnesses. The 2D non-Hertzian and non-steady contact model used in simulations are based on influence coefficients obtained from a boundary element model. The nonlinear development of the rail roughnesses after millions of wheelset passages is also presented.