莱钢厂区复杂环境石方深孔控制爆破技术及经济分析

介绍莱钢厂区复杂环境深孔控制爆破技术和施工技术措施,对爆破效果和对周围环境的影响、危害程度进行严格控制,提高准爆率和爆破效率,降低炸药单耗,严格控制石块粒径,以达到加快施工进度,降低成本,提高经济效益,保证安全和质量的目的,为类似工程施工和预算提供参考。     

客运专线桥墩支承垫石顶高程的智能计算

铁路客运专线的轨道形式确定较晚,为使施工顺利进行,桥梁专业先为上部结构预留固定高度,等到轨道形式确定后,通过调整垫石顶高程来保证轨道的架设,计算垫石顶高程任务繁重、过程复杂、出错率较高,如何保证计算的快速与正确性具有重要意义。总结影响垫石顶高程计算的各种因素,建立相应的数据库进行量化,设计出计算流程规范计算过程,构思智能读图算法核对控制高程。选用Excel作为数据库存储数据,采用VB语言结合Excel和cAD编制程序,实现垫石顶高程的智能计算。经过京津城际铁路和京沪高速铁路两条线的验证,结果表明,该程序计算速度快,计算结果准确,操作简单,界面友好,把大量技术人员从繁重而重复的任务中解脱出来。     

Socially and environmentally appropriate urban futures for the motor car

In its relatively short life, the automobile has provided a level of mobility unlikely to have been feasible with a reliance on conventional forms of land based public transport. It has contributed in both a positive and negative way to the quality of life, transforming our cities, our way of life, and giving us a greater command over time and space. Concern over the undesirable social and environmental impacts has increased over time, with calls for governments to take action to reduce the automobile's dominant role. New investment in fixed-track public transport and bus priority systems together with strategies to discourage travel have been proposed to improve accessibility and to aid in cleaning up the physical environment. This paper reviews some of the issues facing society as it works to identify policies to achieve an economically and environmentally sustainabie future. There is a need for a broader set of policies to facilitate alternative land use-transport lifestyles while facing appropriate pricing signals. Some of the key issues are adjustments in the relative prices of location and transport, spatial incentives to make public transport economically viable (i.e. changing urban densities, zoning/incentive changes to allow more infill), road pricing (i.e. charging cars the economic cost of using the roads), new information technology systems (e.g. IVHS) to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of transport infrastructure, major improvements in the fuel efficiency of fossil fuelled vehicles, and alternative-fuelled vehicles (clean-air vehicles).     

铁路建设项目环境影响后评价指标体系初步研究

在目前国内外研究现状的基础上,结合铁路建设项目的特点,初步建立了以生态环境、噪声与振动环境、电磁环境、水环境、大气环境、固体废弃物和社会环境等7个互为关联和补充环境因子构成的铁路建设项目环境影响后评价指标体系,并利用构建的指标体系对成都至都江堰铁路环境影响后评价进行了分析。     

氯盐环境下铁路混凝土配合比参数的研究

分析氯离子扩散系数作为氯盐环境下混凝土耐久性评价指标的原因及合理性。系统研究水胶比(0.33、0.38、0.45)、矿物掺和料种类(粉煤灰、磨细矿渣粉、偏高岭土、硅灰)、掺量及含气量等配合比参数对混凝土氯离子渗透性能影响规律;探讨氯盐环境下铁路混凝土配制要求;提出氯盐环境下铁路混凝土配合比参数限值。研究表明:氯盐环境下适当加入矿物掺和料是提高混凝土耐久性的关键技术措施;粉煤灰和矿渣适宜掺量分别为30%～50%、40%～60%;适当引气(含气量为4%～6%)能提高混凝土抗氯离子渗透性能;严重氯盐腐蚀环境下,应采用矿物掺和料复掺技术,且宜添加适量硅灰。     

智能型全站仪轨道基准网数据采集程序开发

研究目的:解决高速铁路轨道基准网(TRN)数据采集中测量任务繁重、观测精度要求高等问题,从而提高野外测量工作的效率和质量。研究结论:基于徕卡智能型全站仪GeoCOM的ASCII接口方式和高速铁路轨道基准网的测量原理与方法,轨道基准网数据采集程序(TRN DAS)实现了数据采集的自动化、数字化和高效化,大幅提高了野外测量工作的效率和质量,并已在沪宁、沪杭等高速铁路工程中推广应用,使用效果良好,具有明显的经济效益。     

我国城市轨道交通车辆选配实践及建议

分析国内轨道交通车辆选配的现状,指出车辆选配主要集中在常规制式车型上,虽与城市轨道交通发展的客观条件和基本需求相适应,但也存在基于预测客流选配车辆的盲目性、相互攀比性以及忽视车辆综合拥有成本、保持适度规模与适度组合等问题。因此,提出城市轨道交通车辆按线网层级划分的选配理论及优先发展策略,为今后的城市轨道交通车辆选配提供清晰的思路及合理的工作路径。     

Surf-riding and oscillations of a ship in quartering waves

The behavior of a ship encountering large regular waves from astern at low frequency is the object of investigation, with a parallel study of surf-riding and periodic motion paterns. First, the theoretical analysis of surf-riding is extended from purely following to quartering seas. Steady-state continuation is used to identify all possible surf-riding states for one wavelength. Examination of stability indicates the existence of stable and unstable states and predicts a new type of oscillatory surf-riding. Global analysis is also applied to determine the areas of state space which lead to surf-riding for a given ship and wave conditions. In the case of overtaking waves, the large rudder-yaw-surge oscillations of the vessel are examined, showing the mechanism and conditions responsible for loss of controllability at certain vessel headings.List of symbols c wave celerity (m/s) - C(p) roll damping moment (Ntm) - g acceleration of gravity (m/s²) - GM metacentric height (m) - H wave height (m) - I _x ,I _z roll and yaw ship moments of inertia (kg m²) - k wave number (m^–1) - K _H ,K _W ,K _R hull reaction, wave, rudder, and propeller - K _p forces in the roll direction (Ntm) - m ship mass (kg) - n propeller rate of rotation (rpm) - N _H ,N _W ,N _R hull reaction, wave, rudder, and propeller - N _P moments in the yaw direction (Ntm) - p roll angular velocity (rad/s) - r rate-of-turn (rad/s) - R(,x) restoring moment (Ntm) - Res(u) ship resistance (Nt) - t time (s) - u surge velocity (m/s) - U vessel speed (m/s) - v sway velocity (m/s) - W ship weight (Nt) - x longitudinal position of the ship measured from the wave system (m) - x _G ,z _G longitudinal and vertical center of gravity (m) - x _S longitudinal position of a ship section (S), in the ship-fixed system (m) - X _H ,X _W ,X _R hull reaction, wave, rudder, and propeller - X _P forces in the surge direction (Nt) - y transverse position of the ship, measured from the wave system (m) - Y _H ,Y _W ,Y _R hull reaction, wave, rudder, and propeller - Y _p forces in the sway direction (Nt) - z _Y vertical position of the point of action of the lateral reaction force during turn (m) - z _W vertical position of the point of action of the lateral wave force (m) Greek symbols angle of drift (rad) - rudder angle (rad) - wavelength (m) - position of the ship in the earth-fixed system (m) - water density (kg/m³) - angle of heel (rad) - heading angle (rad) - _e frequency of encounter (rad/s) Hydrodynamic coefficients K roll added mass - N _v ,N _r yaw acceleration coefficients - N _v N _r N _rr N _rrv ,N _vvr yaw velocity coefficients K. Spyrou: Ship behavior in quartering waves - X _u surge acceleration coefficient - X _u X _vr surge velocity coefficients - Y _v ,Y _r sway acceleration coefficients - Y _v ,Y _r ,Y _vv ,Y _rr ,Y _vr sway velocity coefficients European Union-nominated Fellow of the Science and Technology Agency of Japan, Visiting Researcher, National Research Institute of Fisheries Engineering of Japan     

城市道路景观环境建设的探讨

城市道路景观环境已越来越引起社会的关注。城市居民既希望有便捷、安全的交通 ,同时希望有一个安全、优美、贴近自然的交通环境。本文重点对建设城市道路景观环境的原则进行探讨     

中国汽车工业可持续发展的必由之路--新型能源清洁汽车

随着汽车的不断普及,来自能源及环保的压力不断增大。分析了电动汽车及代用燃料汽车的前景,并阐述了我国应当加快清洁能源汽车研制的必要性及在该领域已经取得的成果,最后展望了我国未来新型能源汽车的前景。