Distributed support modelling for vertical track dynamic analysis

The finite length nature of rail-pad supports is characterised by a Timoshenko beam element formulation over an elastic foundation, giving rise to the distributed support element. The new element is integrated into a vertical track model, which is solved in frequency and time domain. The developed formulation is obtained by solving the governing equations of a Timoshenko beam for this particular case. The interaction between sleeper and rail via the elastic connection is considered in an analytical, compact and efficient way. The modelling technique results in realistic amplitudes of the ‘pinned–pinned’ vibration mode and, additionally, it leads to a smooth evolution of the contact force temporal response and to reduced amplitudes of the rail vertical oscillation, as compared to the results from concentrated support models. Simulations are performed for both parametric and sinusoidal roughness excitation. The model of support proposed here is compared with a previous finite length model developed by other authors, coming to the conclusion that the proposed model gives accurate results at a reduced computational cost.     

Bolster spring fault detection strategy for heavy haul wagons

An on-board health monitoring system is proposed for heavy haul wagons in this paper including a signal-based fault detection and isolation (FDI) method and an on-line fault diagnose strategy. Such a system, to be feasible on freight wagons, must be sufficiently cheap and robust, hence the design assumes the constraint of using only two accelerometers mounted on the front left and right rear part of each carbody in a heavy haul train. This paper focuses on the detection of bolster spring fault conditions. The problem is made more complex by the modes of failure which might be expected in bolster spring nests. Types of spring failure are firstly identified and discussed covering situations of broken (shortening springs) and softening (individual spring loss from a nest or cross-section loss through corrosion). The effects of these faults and their detectability were investigated using simulations on straight and curved track and using a fully detailed model of a typical 40?t axle-load heavy haul wagon. The simulation results were then examined and compared using cross-correlation analysis and an FDI system was proposed. The FDI system introduced five possible fault indicators. Initial results indicated that it was possible to detect changes in bolster stiffness of ±25%. An on-line fault diagnoses strategy is proposed for bolster spring faults which only requires data from wagon monitoring during travel around sharp curves to detect and the occurrence of confirm faults. The functionality envisaged needs only a ‘once per trip’ monitoring site, such as a sharper curve, and is aimed at condition monitoring rather than the provision of alarms or comprehensive monitoring of all events.     

轨道交通桥梁减振降噪研究进展

随着高速铁路和城市轨道交通的迅猛发展,人们环保意识的增强以及高架线路的广泛应用,轨道交通桥梁振动与噪声已成为亟待解决的问题。首先,介绍了混凝土桥、钢桥、钢混组合桥的典型振动与噪声试验和桥梁结构噪声常用的理论研究方法。其次,从桥梁结构优化的角度,讨论了混凝土桥、钢桥常用的减振降噪措施,并探讨了TMD的减振降噪效果。然后,综述了桥上轨道结构常用的减振降噪措施。最后,总结了3种声屏障降噪效果的研究进展。结果表明：①不同结构桥梁振动与噪声有所差异,总体来说钢结构桥梁振动与噪声问题更为突出;②混凝土梁截面的优化措施具有一定的减振降噪效果,如增设中腹板或横隔板,优化腹板倾角等措施,U梁对轮轨噪声具有遮蔽效应,梁下区域遮蔽损失最大可达10 dB（A）,但与传统箱梁相比,U梁结构噪声更大;③约束阻尼结构能够有效控制钢桥振动与噪声,TMD能够有效抑制桥梁结构低频振动,但降噪效果甚微;④在钢轨、扣件、轨枕道床等方面采取相应的减振措施,从而达到轨道交通桥梁减振降噪的目的是最为经济可行的方法;⑤声屏障可有效控制交通噪声,直立声屏障降噪效果为5~10 dB（A）,半封闭声屏障降噪效果约15 dB（A）,全封闭声屏障降噪效果超过20 dB（A）。     

隧道衬砌可靠指标的优化求解方法

为解决JC法计算隧道衬砌可靠指标过程中极限状态选用方法的缺陷,通过随机有限元方法和Monte-Carlo法对时速350 km高速铁路双线隧道Ⅲa、Ⅳb型衬砌进行抽样计算,得到2种衬砌各截面偏心距平均值和变异系数; 通过对素混凝土和钢筋混凝土衬砌极限状态功能函数及其适用条件的分析,引入几何优化法,以约束函数表示功能函数的约束条件,建立可靠指标的优化求解模型; 选用寻优性能良好的Global Search函数,对2种衬砌各截面可靠指标进行优化求解,并与JC法进行对比,证明优化方法的优势。     

客运专线轨道板悬臂门吊起升机构设计

针对京津城际轨道交通工程博格轨道板铺设过程中要求精确对位和平整度微调的要求,介绍了悬臂门吊起升机构总体结构型式的确定、起升机构采用的“四点起吊三点平衡”技术及起重小车和吊具结构形式的确定。实践证明,博格板门吊起升机构技术性能指标达到设计要求,大大提高了施工工效。     

测量噪声相关情况下的航迹融合和测量融合

研究了测量噪声相关情况下的航迹融合和测量融合问题,根据线性无偏最小方差估计理论,推导了噪声相关情况下的多传感器跟踪系统的航迹融合和测量融合算法.经Monte Carlo仿真表明,文中给出的考虑噪声相关的航迹融合和测量融合算法的跟踪精度均高于相应的不考虑噪声相关的传统算法,且附加的计算量很小.     

海浪水压场的混沌特性分析及预测模型

海浪水压场作为水中兵器水压引信最严重的干扰源,对其混沌特性进行研究具有极为重要的意义.依据判断系统是否具有混沌特性的2个重要指标:关联维数和最大Lyapunov指数,分别通过G-P算法和小数据量的Wolf算法进行了计算.对一定数量的海浪水压场数据所进行的计算表明,海浪水压场具有分数的关联维数和正的Lyapunov指数,表现出明显的混沌特性.在此基础上依据混沌信号的相空间重构理论使用支持向量机对海浪水压场进行了预测建模,结果表明非线性混沌模型较常规的线性AR模型具有更高的预测精度.     

关联效应对CaCuO2的电荷与自旋密度分布的影响

采用杂化密度泛函方法和哈垂一福克方法对CaCuO2的电荷与自旋密度的分布进行了研究．CuO2层的电子结构具有明显的二维特征．电子间的关联效应使Cu离子的自旋极化被削弱的同时，增强了O离子的自旋极化效应．     

小波变换在轨道静态功率谱密度获取中的应用

利用小波变换将轨道不平顺信号和所得谱图信号分解到互不重叠的频带上,结合小波阈值处理技术,对小波高频系数进行阈值量化处理,滤掉其中某些频段内的干扰与噪声信号,然后对信号进行重构,从而实现了对信号的去噪和对谱图信号的平滑处理。结果表明,该方法成功地获取了轨道静态功率谱密度,有效提高了轨道静态参数信噪比和轨道静态功率谱密度图的可视性。     

于探索性空间数据分析方法的铁路网对旅游产业空间发展差异的影响研究 ——以江苏省为例

为了研究铁路网对旅游产业空间格局变化产生的影响,以江苏省为例,参考其铁路2010—2016 年相关数据,采用探索性空间数据分析方法对该省的旅游产业空间差异情况进行分析。首先,运用ArcMap软件绘制出随着铁路网的完善,各市旅游人数和旅游收入增长率的变化图;接着分别在宏观和微观视角下,运用全局和局部空间相关性模型对数据进行处理分析,验证铁路网对旅游产业格局变化产生的影响。结果表明,铁路网对节点城市和欠发达地区的旅游产业影响尤为明显;各城市旅游经济发展增速与铁路发展成熟度呈正相关。因此,各市根据空间结构变化趋势合理调整旅游产业,不仅是旅游经济向高质量发展转型的客观要求,也是减少各城市间旅游产业空间差距的必经之路。