Pushing the CZMA Envelope: California: The First State to Litigate the New Federal Law

As noted often by the former California Coastal Commission Executive Director Peter Douglas, the history of how the California coast was saved is a great repository of untold stories. Although the Commission has had a dramatic and tangible impact on California's coastal geography, the public is largely unaware of many of its early accomplishments. This article begins to chronicle the rich stories of California's coastal legacy by telling the story of how the Commission utilized the Coastal Zone Management Act (CZMA) to prevent Southern Pacific Railroad from developing a seven-mile stretch of the Monterey Bay shoreline. In so doing, the Commission helped make possible the creation of the Monterey Peninsula Recreational Trail, a public bicycle and pedestrian path that has grown to sixteen miles in length and runs through the heart of John Steinbeck's world-famous Cannery Row. The controversy also was the subject of the first judicial challenge of a state's federal authority under the CZMA and precluded private commercial and residential development that would have dramatically altered the urban form of the Monterey Peninsula. It is important to tell the story as the Coastal Commission's role in this remarkable accomplishment has been almost completely overlooked.     

CZARA of 1990: A Critical Time for Coastal Management

To appreciate the present, sometimes you need to reflect on the past and wonder “what if?” This is one of those times. In recognition of the 40th anniversary of the Coastal Zone Management Act and acknowledgment of the dedication of the program's practitioners, it is important to note that the successful implementation of the Nation's primary coastal law has depended, and will continue to depend, on its legitimacy and institutionalization in the political culture of the country. Today, the national coastal management program, while underfunded and, in recent years, subject to wavering political support, has nevertheless reached a certain level of stability to safeguard the country's coastal resources. It is fitting, therefore, in this special issue of Coastal Management to recall a time when the future of the CZMA was in serious doubt.     

Towards comfort-optimal trajectory planning and control

ABSTRACT

This paper describes a method to analyse and evaluate different trajectory planning methods and controller types for usage in automated vehicles. Its application is shown by using a novel trajectory planning approach considering comfort aspects (based on Rapidly Exploring Random Tree (RRT)), two different controllers to follow the planned path (cascade controller and flatness based controller) and a simulation method to obtain resulting lateral vehicle accelerations. The method is used to plan and drive a trajectory through a roundabout. It can be seen that the lateral accelerations of the controller-driven vehicle are in the range of the values used for planning. However, the results of both controllers show differences in lateral deviation and in smoothness of lateral accelerations. The simulation results are then compared to real-world test drives in the same roundabout. The measured lateral accelerations are in the same range as well but show a smoother progression than the two controller models.     

Design of rollover prevention controller with linear matrix inequality-based trajectory sensitivity minimisation

This paper presents a method to design a rollover prevention controller for vehicle systems. The vehicle rollover can be prevented by a controller that minimises the lateral acceleration and the roll angle. Rollover prevention capability can be enhanced if the controlled vehicle system is robust to the variation of the height of the centre of gravity and the speed of the vehicle. For this purpose, a robust controller is designed with linear matrix inequality-based trajectory sensitivity minimisation. Differential braking and active suspension are adopted as actuators that generate yaw and roll moments, respectively. The newly proposed method is shown to be effective in preventing rollover by the simulation on a non-linear multibody dynamic simulation software, CarSim^®.     

Application of time-variant predictive control to modelling driver steering skill

The paper addresses the need for improved mathematical models of human steering control. A multiple-model structure for a driver's internal model of a nonlinear vehicle is proposed. The multiple-model structure potentially offers a straightforward way to represent a range of driver expertise. The internal model is combined with a model predictive steering controller. The controller generates a steering command through the minimisation of a cost function involving vehicle path error. A study of the controller performance during an aggressive, nonlinear steering manoeuvre is provided. Analysis of the controller performance reveals a reduction in the closed-loop controller bandwidth with increasing tyre saturation and fixed controller gains. A parameter study demonstrates that increasing the multiple-model density, increasing the weights on the path error, and increasing the controller knowledge range all improved the path following accuracy of the controller.     

样本匹配算法在鱼雷弹道融合中的应用

通过分析鱼雷对抗试验中获得的内外测弹道数据的特点,在比较多种曲线匹配算法的基础上,提出了一种基于样本的匹配算法。该方法利用弹道曲线上的点对应的矢量作为特征无关量信息,在合理选取样本点基础上,采用最大相似性准则对弹道曲线进行匹配,找到曲线最佳匹配段,从而对准内外测弹道的时间基准,以用于弹道融合。     

人机混驾环境下基于深度学习的车辆切入轨迹预测

为保证人机混驾环境下自动驾驶汽车的安全行驶,对周围车辆切入轨迹的预测至关重要.本文首先使用Savitzky-Golay滤波器对大规模采集的自然驾驶数据进行去噪处理,根据准则提取车辆切入片段,建立符合中国道路状况的车辆切入数据集.其次,发挥Bi-LSTM网络能充分利用上下文信息的优点和in-out快捷连接有效减少梯度消失...     

基于侧向推力矢量控制的防空导弹抗击TBM问题的研究

针对战术弹道导弹对防空侦察预警系统的合理部署进行了分析,计算出了反TBM防御系统拦截过程中的弹道预测及预定拦截点,为防空导弹火力单元提供较精确的TBM弹道诸元及落点预测值,基于侧向推力矢量控制对TBM实施拦截,达到末端有效抗击TBM的目的。     

Design of an adaptive controller for dive-plane control of a torpedo-shaped AUV

Underwater vehicles operating in complex ocean conditions present difficulties in determining accurate dynamic models. To guarantee robustness against parameter uncertainty, an adaptive controller for dive-plane control, based on Lyapunov theory and back-stepping techniques, was proposed. In the closed-loop system, asymptotic tracking of the reference depth and pitch angle trajectories was accomplished. Simulation results were presented which show effective dive-plane control in spite of the uncertainties in the system parameters.     

潜艇水压平衡式发射装置内弹道仿真建模

通过对潜艇水压平衡式发射装置工作原理的分析,基于发射装置各部分之间的联立关系,建立了发射装置发射气瓶及发射阀部分、活塞组件部分、发射管武器部分等各子系统的数学模型。应用Simulink对潜艇水压平衡式发射装置武器发射内弹道的全过程进行仿真研究,Simulink仿真结果与武器发射的实际情况相符合,表明数学模型的可行性和正确性。所建仿真模型可用于潜艇水压平衡式发射装置内弹道的动态分析及相关问题研究。