基于PTC材料加热的柴油喷油器模拟

文章选用居里温度为60℃的陶瓷基PTC材料作为加热元件,利用流体力学计算软件Fluent模拟了两种不同燃油流量下用PTC材料加热柴油的温度场变化。仿真结果表明,利用PTC材料加热可有效提高燃油温度,改善冷启动性能,且随着燃油流量的增加,喷油器出口温度呈下降趋势。     

铁路客运站应对高峰客流的对策研究

通过分析铁路客运站应对客流高峰存在的问题,认为应从人流引导和客运站规划方面进行解决.在人流引导方面,客运站应该做好提前客流预测、加强员工培训、协调其他运输部门以及加大先进设施的运用；在客运站规划方面,通过分析国外先进客运站实例,总结相应经验,为铁路客运站应对高峰客流提供参考.     

铁路路堑挡雪墙设计参数优化数值模拟

风吹雪往往在铁路路堑地段形成较厚的积雪,掩埋线路,影响行车速度,危及行车安全,研究其具有重要的现实意义。基于FLUENT软件,模拟研究不同挡雪墙高度、不同风速下,挡雪墙背风侧风雪两相流的运动特性及挡雪墙参数优化设计。研究表明,风雪流初始速度一定时,挡雪墙背风侧积雪宽度随挡雪墙高度增大而变大,沉积在床面上的雪粒更多,阻雪效果越好;挡雪墙高度一定时,背风侧积雪宽度随风雪流速度的增加逐渐增大,挡雪墙距线路的距离也应越大。在综合考虑工程造价和挡雪效果的基础上,挡雪墙设计时,高度宜在2.5~3.5m,高度越高,风速越大,挡雪墙距线路的距离应越大,一般在20~35m即可。     

机场陆侧交通设施竖向布局模式研究

轨道交通设施引入机场后使机场陆测交通设施竖向布局设计更加复杂多样。分析了大型机场轨道交通线路走向与航站楼平面布局的关系,在剖析国内外各种实例的基础上,提出机场陆侧交通设施竖向布局模式;对各种模式的优缺点、换乘设施布局、旅客流程组织进行比较分析。     

Experienced travel time prediction for congested freeways

Travel time is an important performance measure for transportation systems, and dissemination of travel time information can help travelers make reliable travel decisions such as route choice or departure time. Since the traffic data collected in real time reflects the past or current conditions on the roadway, a predictive travel time methodology should be used to obtain the information to be disseminated. However, an important part of the literature either uses instantaneous travel time assumption, and sums the travel time of roadway segments at the starting time of the trip, or uses statistical forecasting algorithms to predict the future travel time. This study benefits from the available traffic flow fundamentals (e.g. shockwave analysis and bottleneck identification), and makes use of both historical and real time traffic information to provide travel time prediction. The methodological framework of this approach sequentially includes a bottleneck identification algorithm, clustering of traffic data in traffic regimes with similar characteristics, development of stochastic congestion maps for clustered data and an online congestion search algorithm, which combines historical data analysis and real-time data to predict experienced travel times at the starting time of the trip. The experimental results based on the loop detector data on Californian freeways indicate that the proposed method provides promising travel time predictions under varying traffic conditions.     

Brake light cellular automaton model with advanced randomization for traffic breakdown

Traffic breakdown is one of the most important empirical phenomena in traffic flow theory. Unfortunately, it cannot be simulated by many traffic flow models. In order to clarify its mechanism, the new brake light cellular automaton model has been proposed. Comparing with previous brake light models, three different aspects have been considered: (i) drivers tend to take large decelerations if the time gap is smaller than the safe time gap and the leading vehicle’s brake light is on; (ii) the brake light rule is set according to the reality; (iii) the randomization rule is put forward before the acceleration rule to weaken the impact of brake light on driving behaviors. Analyses show that the new model can explain the mechanism of traffic breakdown and the failures of other brake light models. Simulations confirm that all empirical features of traffic breakdown are successfully reproduced. At last, brake light models are calibrated and validated by the I-80 empirical data provided by NGSIM. Results show that the performance of the new model is the best and models in the three-phase theory are not necessarily better than models in the fundamental diagram approach and vice versa, at least for the brake light models.     

Spectral and time‐frequency analyses of freeway traffic flow

This paper uses spectral and time‐frequency analyses to treat three macroscopic traffic characteristics, namely, time mean speed, volume and occupancy as stochastic processes. Spectral and time‐frequency analyses are performed to characterize power spectral density (PSD), cross‐PSD, autocorrelation and cross‐correlation of these characteristics using TransGuide traffic data collected from four different freeways. It is found that low‐frequency components dominate the PSDs of speed, volume and occupancy at all times. The magnitude of PSDs decreases dramatically as frequency increases and remains almost at a constant level in high‐frequency regimes. A power law is found to exist, which describes the relationship between the frequency and the PSD of traffic characteristics. It is also found that speed can be properly modeled by a narrowband low‐pass stochastic process in a low‐frequency regime and by a nonzero mean white noise in a high‐frequency regime. Strong periodicities and synchronization are both shown in traffic flow. A variety of frequencies can be excited by congestion, and there is no dominant frequency found in stop‐and‐go traffic. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

关于辐流式二沉池设计计算方法的探讨

针对辐流式二沉池设计资料中存在的相关问题,从平面设计要点和竖向设计要点两方面分别对辐流式二沉池中设计流量的选定、沉淀池表面积计算、进出水口、污泥区容积计算,以及有效水深、池边水深和总池高计算等进行了探讨,并对刮(吸)泥设备和配水井的设计要点进行了相关说明.同时结合工程实践,优化平面设计参数和竖向设计参数,合理选择刮(吸)泥设备和配水井等辅助设施,能为相关技术人员提供一定的参考和借鉴意义.     

三叶片节气门进气系统的 CFD 计算和分析

以一款新型三叶片式节气门为主要研究对象，通过发动机台架试验，获得发动机稳态工况下进气歧管三维C FD计算的边界条件，选取不同转速、不同负荷率的12个有代表性的工况点，建立配置传统的单叶片节气门和三叶片节气门的进气歧管网格模型，并进行C FD计算和流场分析。结果表明：发动机处于中、高负荷时，由三叶片节气门产生的进气涡流比单叶片节气门大，且优势随节气门开度的增加而更加明显，但在低转速、小负荷的工况下，配置三叶片节气门的进气歧管内的涡流强度小于单叶片节气门。