网络条件下高速公路收费费率优化方法研究

以区域公路网为研究对象,在分析高速公路收费费率与交通量之间关系的基础上,建立收费费率优化双层规划模型,兼顾经营者和使用者的利益,并考虑路网交通流分布,设计了模型的实用求解算法。该方法弥补了已有方法多以运输通道为研究对象的不足之处,可以在收费系数确定的情况下根据优化目标直接得到优化结果,具有较为广泛的适用性。     

高速公路运输量研究

提出了高速公路运输量的统计方法,并以南京—上海高速公路为例,首次统计了中国高速公路的客运量、货运量、客运周转量、货运周转量以及客、货运输密度。研究表明:在南京—上海通道内,高速公路和铁路起着同样的关键作用;货运方面,高速公路和铁路运送货物价值相差很大,两者是互补性的,客运方面,高速公路客运量中个性化出行与铁路是互补性的,而群体性出行与铁路是替代性的。对高速公路上运行的车辆状况进行了分析,指出货运量主要是由四轴的半挂列车和两轴的单车完成的。客运中个性化出行的乘客占40%,车数占88%。     

小型铣刨机车体升降油缸动态过程的分析

通过对小型铣刨机车体升降系统的简化,建立了液压缸运动速度与流量的传递函数,并且在系统参数静态设计方法的基础上,考虑了系统参数对其动态特性的影响.     

Classification of Livebus arrivals user behavior

With the increasing use of Intelligent Transport Systems, large amounts of data are created. Innovative information services are introduced and new forms of data are available, which could be used to understand the behavior of travelers and the dynamics of people flows. This work analyzes the requests for real-time arrivals of bus routes at stops in London made by travelers using Transport for London's LiveBus Arrivals system. The available dataset consists of about one million requests for real-time arrivals for each of the 28 days under observation. These data are analyzed for different purposes. LiveBus Arrivals users are classified based on a set of features and using K-Means, Expectation Maximization, Logistic regression, One-level decision tree, Decision Tree, Random Forest, and Support Vector Machine (SVM) by Sequential Minimal Optimization (SMO). The results of the study indicate that the LiveBus Arrivals requests can be classified into six main behaviors. It was found that the classification-based approaches produce better results than the clustering-based ones. The most accurate results were obtained with the SVM-SMO methodology (Precision of 97%). Furthermore, the behavior within the six classes of users is analyzed to better understand how users take advantage of the LiveBus Arrivals service. It was found that the 37% of users can be classified as interchange users. This classification could form the basis of a more personalized LiveBus Arrivals application in future, which could support management and planning by revealing how public transport and related services are actually used or update information on commuters.     

基于FCM的内河一类船长实操考试效能评估

为解决内河一类船长实操考试效能评估问题,提出了一种基于模糊认知图的评价模型(FCMES).在建立影响因素层的不同评价等级基础上,通过问卷调查辨识出了25个影响因素;据专家意见将收集到的定性数据转化为三角模糊数,得到不同的模糊矩阵;利用模糊推理规则的方法聚合各模糊矩阵,再解模糊化,获取邻接矩阵.采取输入端数、输出端数及中心度3个指数的方法,分析FCMES中各因素的重要程度,选出核心变量.利用Matlab实现对FCMES认知图的推理仿真,检验核心变量的准确性.结果表明,绩效评估、评估员素质、模拟器效能、考试流程设计合理性,这4个影响因素对内河一类船长实操考试的效能有重要影响.     

矿山法海底隧道废水排水系统设计实践

以青岛胶州湾海底隧道工程为依托,对废水系统排水能力的确定、废水提升方案的选择及废水泵房优化设计等方面进行分析,探讨矿山法海底隧道废水排水系统的主要关键技术。主要结论如下： 1）废水排水能力确定的关键在于隧道的结构渗漏水的定量,常规的水下隧道的结构渗漏水量数据不一定适用于海底隧道,必须实际测量后确定; 2）废水提升方案关系到排水的经济性和安全性,核心在于选取安全可靠的水泵类型; 3）废水泵房优化主要从废水池有效容积、结构设计及设备检修等方面进行展开分析; 4）矿山法海底隧道废水排水系统的设计,必须从隧道实际情况出发,综合考虑各类影响因素,以达到安全、经济的设计目标。     

Spatial econometric analysis of automobile and motorcycle traffic on Indonesian national roads and its socio-economic determinants: Is it local or beyond city boundaries?

The purpose of this paper is to verify the justification provided for a centralized national road policyin Indonesia, namely, that trips on national roads are typically inter-urban, by measuring the spatialdimensions of automobile and motorcycle trips on national roads in Indonesia. The study finds thatmotorcycle trips are characteristically local; by contrast, automobile trips extend beyond city boundaries,although to a limited extent. The results suggest the decentralization of transportation policies for thedevelopment and maintenance of national roads by granting autonomy to local governments when nofiscal externality exists. The results also indicate that road capacity, gasoline prices, income, populationand worker density, city size, and the number of public buses are strong predictors of vehicle kilometerstraveled.     

A tool to aid redesign of flexible transport services to increase efficiency in rural transport service provision

Rural areas generally have lower and more dispersed demands for travel which cannot sustain conventional public transport services and consequently have a greater number of flexible and demand responsive transport services operating. These services usually operate on a stand-alone basis, are often subsidized and are typically only accessible by certain passenger types or for specific trip purposes. This generally results in uncoordinated and inefficient transport provision overall. The Flexible integrated transport services (FITS) system featured in this paper has been designed to address this problem. FITS can be used as a planning tool to assess potential benefits from relaxing operating constraints (e.g., a service's operating boundaries), which can potentially suggest service redesign. It also includes the capacity to assign subsidy payments on a trip by trip basis to increase cost efficiency whilst meeting a greater proportion of transport needs. The case study in the paper focusses on transport to health in the Aberdeenshire and Morayshire areas of Scotland in the UK. Despite flexible transport operators receiving public funds to meet passenger needs, this is currently being supplemented by public bodies paying large amounts in taxi fares in instances where there is a statutory obligation to provide travel but where no other suitable transport service exists. The results demonstrate the potential substantial savings which could be realized by allowing transport operators to redesign their services by relaxing constraints and by the reassignment of subsidies: resulting in more passenger demands being met and a reduction in public spending on taxi fares.     

大型购物中心诱增交通量预测方法研究

近年来，随着人们生活水平的提高和消费观念的改变，shopping mall正在中国越来越热。shopping mall由于体量庞大，它的建设无疑会对城市道路交通体系产生较大的影响。本文在对北京mall交通影响分析实践的基础上，根据购物(休闲娱乐)出行需求的特点，提出了大型购物中心诱增交通量预测的思路，并重点阐述了商圈分析法和非集计模型在诱增交通量预测中的应用，取得了较好的效果。     

考虑风险分布特征的危险品运输路径优化（双语出版）

为控制危险品运输风险大小并提高风险分布合理性,兼顾运输商的利益诉求,对多种类型危险品在同一路网内运输时的多路径组合优化问题进行研究。首先根据运输路径物理特征,结合路段风险值给出路径间的物理相异度计算方法,并根据各路段在路网内的地理位置,给出路径间的空间相异度计算方法;然后设置总风险阈值和最小相异度约束,建立同时考虑累积运输风险、运输费用和运输时间的多目标优化模型,改进第2代非支配排序遗传算法（Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-Ⅱ,NSGA-Ⅱ）对模型求解,利用动态拥挤距离来提高群体中个体分布的均匀性;最后通过随机网格网络算例对多种类型危险品在不同起讫点间单次、多次运输场景下的路径选择进行仿真优化,并利用实际路网数据对优化方法的可行性进行验证。结果表明：设置危险品运输路径之间的相异度约束,可减少共用路段/节点数量,避免运输风险在局部区域内过度集中;适当增加累积运输风险,有利于提高路径之间的物理相异度和空间相异度,使运输风险的分布更为分散,同时扩大了运输商的路径优化空间。研究结果可为政府部门对危险品运输风险控制及风险分布管理提供新的方法,为运输商的路径选择提供决策支持。