散货船的船体结构强度与安全

本文通过对散货船船体结构事故原因的分析和研究,找出散货船从设计到使用存在的内在缺陷,阐述了结构强度对散货船的重要性,提出了船舶管理者在生产实践中应注意的事项和行动准则,旨在为散货船的安全提供一定的理论保障,以减少散货船海事,延长船舶使用寿命。     

Comparison of different structural stress approaches for fatigue assessment of welded ship structures

The structural stress approach, which considers the stress increase due to the structural configuration, allows the fatigue strength assessment of welded ship structures with various geometries on the basis of an S–N curve depending only on the type of weld. However, a unique definition and the numerical calculation of the structural stresses are problematic, which has resulted in the development of different variants of the approach. These are discussed and compared with each other in the present paper. The application to three examples shows the variation and differences in the analysed stresses and predicted fatigue lives, which are compared with those derived from fatigue tests.     

墩台刚度对桥跨振动的影响分析

建立墩桥联合体系的空间模型 ,以墩顶横向刚度为指标来研究墩对梁体动力响应的影响 ,并进一步采用更为普遍的梁墩刚度比来研究此问题 ,提出可进行动力简化计算的参考标准。     

11万吨油船下水受力分析

对11万吨油船在纵向下水过程中的船体受力情况和滑道反力进行了分析计算.根据计算结果对船体结构、滑板长度和墩木间距作了加强和改进,保证了油船无变形和滑道无损,取得顺利下水.     

船体结构疲劳强度校核的许用应力范围衡准

本文给出了船体结构疲劳强度校核的许用应力范围衡准的一般形式，以及当应力范围服从Weibull分布时用一生中一遇最大应力范围表示的衡准形式。对有关影响因素及设计应力范围计算作了简要的讨论，并着重研究了集装箱船的疲劳强度校核问题，给出了例题。     

预弯复合梁开裂后的正截面强度

本文根据跨度为4.0m的预弯复合梁在一次性加载破坏过程中实测的梁挠度、截面应变与作用荷载的关系,得出了预弯复合梁开裂后刚度随作用荷载的衰减规律、截面几何形心随作用荷载的移动规律,从而提出了预弯复合梁一次性加载破坏过程中,一期混凝土开裂状态时的刚度和强度实用计算式。     

海船结构的总纵强度可靠性分析

本文在研究船舶结构总纵度强度的外载荷和结构能力的概率模型的基础上,应用结构可靠性原理中的全概率法和改进的一阶二次矩法编制了计算程序。通过对5艘实船的计算,分析了这些船舶的实际安全水平,特别,根据ZC规范要求的最小强度的最大载荷作了可靠性分析,得出了这5艘船的最低安全水平。在改进的一阶二次矩法计算的基础上,给出一种与传统的确定性设计方法形式相似但比其更为精确的安全设计条件及其相应的强度减小因子和载荷放大因子计算方法,供结构直接设计强度校核所用。     

激光测距技术在列车动态横向振动偏移量测试中的应用

采用激光二维扫描技术,实现了列车动态横向振动偏移量的测试,易于实施,数据准确,对制定合理的站台界限提供参考数据。     

Collapse strength of hatch cover of bulk carrier subjected to lateral pressure load

A series of elastoplastic large deflection FEM analyses has been performed on hatch covers of bulk carriers subjected to lateral load. Two types of hatch covers are considered which are the folding type and the side-sliding type. For the folding-type cover, one size is considered which is for Handy size bulk carrier, whilst for the side-sliding-type cover, two sizes are considered which are for Panamax and Cape size bulk carriers. For each type, two hatch covers are selected which are designed in accordance with the old ICLL rule and new IACS rule, respectively. Calculated collapse strengths are compared with individual design loads, and a strength assessment is performed. On the basis of collapse behaviour observed in FEM analyses, a simple method is proposed to evaluate the collapse strength of a hatch cover subjected to lateral load. It is confirmed that the collapse strength is accurately predicted by the proposed method.     

神经网络在单桩承载力预测中的应用

运用基于BP神经网络的组合预测模型对PHC桩的极限承载力进行预测。分别利用灰色GM(1,1)模型和BP神经网络对桩在荷载作用下的沉降进行估算,然后利用人工神经网络中的BP网络对所得的结果进行组合预测;最后利用Lagrange算法计算桩的极限承载力。计算实例表明,使用该组合预测方法所得的预测结果比单纯使用灰色GM(1,1)模型或神经网络模型所得结果的总体误差要小,因而该方法是可行的、有效的。