Experimental study on dynamic response of a floating offshore wind turbine under various freak wave profiles

This study performed experimental investigation on the dynamic response of an in-place floating offshore wind turbine (FOWT) under freak wave actions. Based on the method of wave profile modulation, various freak wave profiles embedded in unidirectional Gaussian seas were generated in wave basin and the action of these waves on the FOWT was measured and analyzed, which has not been done before. The motions of FOWT were analyzed in time domain as well as time-frequency domain. The effect of freak wave parameters on FOWT motions was addressed, i.e., freak wave height, freak wave period, large crest, and deep trough. The dynamic response of FOWT was observed as a spike at the occurrence of freak wave in a conventional random wave, where the impact of freak wave can last for 17 spectral peak periods of wave. Data analysis shows that the motions of FOWT increased linearly with the freak wave height. In addition, the occurrence of freak wave induced the coupled effect on surge and pith, which was strengthen with the increase of freak wave height and wave period. Compared to a large crest, a deep trough of freak wave led to stronger motions and was supposed to be a key concern on the safety of the FOWT. The novel findings in this study provided a reference for the design of survival load on a FOWT and benchmarks for validating numerical models.     

Design optimization of a TetraSpar-type floater and tower for the IEA Wind 15 MW reference wind turbine

We present an optimization study for the conceptual design of wind turbine floaters of the TetraSpar type. The optimization variables include all geometric dimensions of the floater, keel, mooring lines and tower design. A gradient based optimization method is applied to a mass proportional objective cost function. The objective function accounts for the different weight components of the floater, including secondary steel, the wind turbine tower, and the mooring system. A frequency domain response method is utilized, so that each design evaluation also takes into account the dynamic response for 12 wind speeds with associated wave conditions. Nineteen constraints are applied for static and dynamic response, natural frequencies, and fatigue at the bottom of the tower. Two reference designs are presented, namely one with a soft–stiff tower and one with a stiff–stiff tower. Due to the anti-phase coupling of the floater pitch and tower vibration, the soft–stiff tower needs a stronger floater stiffness in pitch. This design thus has a larger water plane area moment than the more compact stiff–stiff floater, which is found to be the least economical. A constraint analysis is next presented based on Lagrange multipliers and a relative cost index. We find that the strongest cost influence is exerted by the 3P tower frequency constraint for the stiff-stiff and soft-stiff designs. Finally, a third design variant with a free optimizable tower frequency is introduced. This design is found to be 11% cheaper than the soft–stiff design and highlights the potential cost savings of tower designs within the 3P region.     

复杂条件下呼吸型装配式生态驳岸施工技术

新型的呼吸型装配式生态驳岸结构在运输条件受限、施工期间不断航要求和高压线限高等复杂环境条件下,存在构件吊运安装、沉桩精度控制、桩头与预制底板连接和底板安装平整度等方面的技术难题。通过对各种复杂条件对比分析,提出自平衡式吊装船的吊装工艺、植桩式定位架工艺、留筋式套打法工艺和垫层坐浆工艺等技术措施,较好地解决了该新型结构在复杂环境条件下的施工技术难题。     

明挖预制装配式隧道结构拼装精度控制标准研究与制定

明挖装配式隧道结构建造技术的研究和应用在我国尚属起步阶段,拼装精度控制标准是装配式结构建造过程中衡量和控制工程质量的重要尺度,标准的合理制定,关系到工程建设的安全可靠性、经济合理性及实际可操作性。通过拼装精度影响因素分析,提出了理论指标,并结合工程实际应用情况和实测值正态分布曲线的分析和提炼,给出了明挖装配式隧道结构拼装精度主要控制要素的控制标准,包括轴线平面定位偏差、高程定位偏差、构件形位姿态偏差、接缝张开量、结构表面错台量、同一环构件纵向错位量、前后环纵缝平面错位量等允许值,并与明挖现浇隧道、盾构隧道及装配整体式等结构的相关标准进行了对比分析。研究和实际工程应用证明：控制标准总体合理,可作为后续工程建设和相关标准制定的参考。构件制作精度对拼装精度的影响较大,提高构件制作精度,对提高拼装精度具有重要意义;自重压紧方式对控制隧道纵缝张开量最为有利,而控制张拉荷载、提高构件制作精度、控制施工累计误差等,可有效控制隧道环缝张开量;接头设置定位销棒并严格控制定位精度和预留空隙量,对控制结构表面错台量起到关键性作用。     

中国标准动车组部件及车体合成组装技术

以中国标准动车组车体的生产制造为基础,系统论述动车组底架、侧墙、车顶、端墙、司机室等5大部件组装及车体总装技术的要求和注意事项。总结近10年的车体组装技术操作要领,展示铝合金车体制造从引进、消化、吸收及再创新的最新成果,进而为铝合金车体制造标准化的形成奠定基础。     

轨道交通车辆转向架牵引电机滚动轴承可靠性研究

为保障轨道交通车辆转向架牵引电机滚动轴承安全、平稳、可靠地运行,提出一种基于IMF-PCA(本征模态分量-主成份分析)和WPHM(威布尔比例故障模型)相结合的轨道车辆转向架牵引电机滚动轴承(以下简称"电机轴承")可靠性评估方法。将实测采集的振动信号利用自相关系数对IMF中起主导的信息成分进行辨别,对于不同信息成分占主导的IMF分量,利用PCA将其分解为有用信息和虚假分量或噪声组成的一系列主分量。采取不同的筛选剔除方法对IMF进行筛选,将筛选保留的IMF进行重构,得到纯净、敏感的振动信号,并从中提取出能反映电机轴承状态的特征指标,将优选出的特征指标进行特征信息的加权融合。将这个融合后的特征指标作为WPHM的协变量,建立可靠性评估模型,从而实现电机轴承运行可靠性的有效评估。     

基于主元分析-概率神经网络的车辆受电弓故障诊断

在城市轨道交通车辆受电弓日常检修过程中,大量检修及故障数据未得到合理利用.针对计划检修已不能满足目前受电弓检修要求的问题,提出了一种基于主元分析和概率神经网络结合的故障诊断方法.该方法运用主元分析法对受电弓日常检修中的初始特征参数进行降维,将降维后特征参数输入到概率神经网络模型中进行故障诊断,判定受电弓故障模式.仿真结...     

等应力设计理念在轴箱橡胶弹簧结构改进中的应用

橡胶产品大量使用在减振降噪领域,其使用过程中的疲劳问题是产品设计需重点考虑的问题。文章对在机车车辆上使用的一款橡胶轴箱弹簧的疲劳问题,进行了基于结构分析与实验验证为特征的探讨,并在此基础上,提出了基于等应力设计理念的优化设计。分析与实验结果表明,通过等应力理念设计的产品结构,在确保结构获得等应力的同时,结构的疲劳寿命得到了成倍增加。     

并网型风电机组可靠性设计

介绍了并网型风电机组可靠性指标及其评估方法,及并网型风电机组的运行情况;根据并网型风电机组可靠性串联模型,对并网型风电机组进行可靠性设计,找出其薄弱环节,提高其可靠性,达到提高可利用率和年发电量的目的。     

负攻角对向心涡轮内部流动影响的研究

对车用涡轮增压器向心涡轮级进行全三维黏性流动数值模拟,研究叶轮攻角变化对向心涡轮内部涡系产生及二次流的影响规律.研究表明,一定大小的负攻角可以有效改善叶轮进口段的流动,并保证叶轮的载荷和做功能力;二次流在攻角的影响下经历了一个较为复杂的演变过程,各种形式的二次流之间相互制约共同影响着二次流损失,二次流损失和攻角损失共同...