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61.
WAN De-Cheng 《船舶与海洋工程学报》2007,6(2):51-58
In this paper, an efficient multigrid fictitious boundary method (MFBM) coupled with the FEM solver package FEATFLOW was used for the detailed simulation of incompressible viscous flows around one or more moving NACA0012 airfoils. The calculations were carried on a fixed multigrid finite element mesh on which fluid equations were satisfied everywhere, and the airfoils were allowed to move freely through the mesh. The MFBM was employed to treat interactions between the fluid and the airfoils. The motion of the airfoils was modeled by Newton-Euler equations. Numerical results of experiments verify that this method provides an efficient way to simulate incompressible viscous flows around moving airfoils. 相似文献
62.
建设项目投资控制是工程设计中的重要内容之一,投资控制贯穿于项目建设的全过程。也就是在满足技术规范要求的基础上,采取技术措施,将工程投资控制在主管部门批文的幅度内。本文结合上海市嘉金(A5)高速公路建设设计过程,着重讨论施工图设计阶段设计优化的重要性和必要性。 相似文献
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64.
Hsien-Ter Chou 《Journal of Marine Science and Technology》1996,1(3):149-154
A study of the mixing behavior of liquid waste after ocean dumping is essential for the identification of dump sites, as well
as for impact assessment on the surrounding oceanic waters. The dilution of liquid waste in the wakes of ships at sea is explored
in this study, and the effects of the circumstances of the discharge operation such as the discharge rate, and the size and
speed of the vessel, and the oceanic parameters such as currents and turbulence level in the water column, are examined. the
mixing process is categorized into three stages: near-wake, far-wake, and long-term diffusion. Dilution rates in the three
stages are derived, based on the theories of diffusion and momentumless wakes. In the far-wake stage, the speed of the ship
is the most effective parameter in enhancing the dilution rate. The formulae for dilution rates in the farwake stage and for
long-term diffusion agree well with field measurements, while the well-known IMCO formula underestimates the dilution rate.
Presented at the International Conference on Technology for Marine Environment Preservation (MARIENV '95), Tokyo, Japan, September
24–29, 1995. 相似文献
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66.
Christa Pohl Annekatrin Lffler Martin Schmidt Torsten Seifert 《Journal of Marine Systems》2006,60(3-4):381-395
Trace metal inventories and transboundary fluxes were estimated for the surface waters of the eastern Gotland Basin, and a mass balance for this water body was derived.The study area was delineated by a box which bordered vertically by the sea surface and the halocline and horizontally by the coast of Gotland and the coast of Latvia/Lithuania. For the calculation of the trace metal inventories in the box, a high-resolution sampling was carried out during different seasons. Additional sediment trap studies were performed to calculate the vertical particulate trace metal fluxes through the halocline.The following transboundary fluxes have been estimated: (a) atmospheric input of trace metals; (b) lateral transport from adjacent bodies of surface water; (c) diapycnal fluxes of dissolved trace metals at the halocline; (d) sinking of trace metals, associated with particles, through the halocline, (e) vertical advection through the halocline.The lateral transport into and out of the surface box is important for the metals (Cd, Cu, Zn) with “nutrient-like” behaviour. For particle reactive elements like lead, vertical sedimentation and lateral transport out of the box as much as atmospheric input and lateral input into the box are in the same order of magnitude. Turbulent diapycnal mixing plays a minor role compared to the advective fluxes.The estimated range for the residence times for the region under investigation are 0.5–1.3 years for Pb; 2–11 years for Zn, 7–36 years for Cd and 42–89 years for Cu. This demonstrates that the system reacts very fast for particle reactive elements like Pb, while for copper sedimentation processes are not the preferential sink and can be neglected. 相似文献
67.
John H. Simpson Barbara Berx Joanna Gascoigne Camille Saurel 《Journal of Marine Systems》2007,68(3-4):556-568
Time series measurements of flow and pigment concentrations (Chl) in the Menai Strait have revealed that the strong residual flow in a tidal channel ( 500 m3 s− 1) transports phytoplankton from the open sea into the channel where much of it is consumed by suspension feeders, mainly in commercial beds of Mytilus edulis. The progressive depletion of phytoplankton along the channel results in a strong horizontal gradient of plankton and hence Chl. Tidal displacement of this gradient causes large (± 50% of mean) oscillations of Chl in the vicinity of the mussel beds. Vertical mixing by the strong tidal flows is sufficiently vigorous for most of the tidal cycle to ensure that downward diffusion can resupply the near-bed layer although there are indications of some transient depletion around slack water.This paradigm of the interaction of advection, diffusion and filtration determining the distribution of plankton and its supply to mussels has been encapsulated in a series of simple models forced only by boundary values. In the first, a 1-D model of tidal flow in the channel reproduces the principal features of the observed currents including the unusually large spatial change in phase of the currents and the variation of the residual transport with tidal range. The flow field from this physical model is used to drive a second model based on the advection diffusion equation for Chl with a source at the Irish Sea boundary and a sink over the mussel bed. This model illustrates the formation of a strong Chl gradient along the channel and simulates the amplitude and phase of the M2 oscillations of Chl and the development of the M4 variation apparent in the observations. This second model has been extended to 2-D over the mussel beds to allow investigation of the effects of water column mixing. The model indicates that only for a short period ( 30 min), close to slack water, is mixing sufficiently reduced to permit the development of a depletion boundary layer and then only within 1 m from the bottom, a result which is consistent with the observations. 相似文献
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