Optimal design of a short‐turning strategy considering seat availability

We develop a methodology to optimize the schedule coordination of a full‐stop service pattern and a short‐turning service pattern on a bus route. To capture the influence of bus crowding and seat availability on passengers' riding experience, we develop a Markov model to describe the seat‐searching process of a passenger and an approach to estimate the transition probabilities of the Markov model. An optimization model that incorporates the Markov model is proposed to design the short‐turning strategy. The proposed model minimizes the total cost, which includes operational cost, passengers' waiting time cost and passengers' in‐vehicle travel time cost. Algorithm is developed to produce optimal values of the decision variables. The proposed methodology is evaluated in a case study. Compared with methodologies that ignore the effect of bus crowding, the proposed methodology could better balance bus load along the route and between two service patterns, provide passengers with better riding experience and reduce the total cost. In addition, it is shown that the optimal design of the short‐turning strategy is sensitive to seat capacity. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Innovative detector layout for automated traffic turning volume counting

Because of many advantages, loop detectors are the most common practice for obtaining data to control intersections. However, they have some drawbacks, including the fact that multiple detectors are usually required to monitor a location. The current practice in many cities is to install four consecutive loop detectors per lane, or two at the stop bar and one as an advanced detector. In some cities, there are also departure detectors. All these configurations have some practical problems and do not produce accurate counts especially in shared lanes. In this paper, a new placement configuration for departure detectors is proposed and named the mid‐intersection detector (MID). In this configuration, departure detectors are moved back to the middle of the intersection in such a way that they can be activated by more than one movement at different times. In some cases, departure detectors lack equations for calculating turning movements, a problem solved by MIDs because each movement passes more detectors along its path (without increasing the number of loops), and therefore they can produce more accurate and reliable data for obtaining turning movement counts. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

摆式悬架高速磁悬浮列车转向特性研究

为分析某摆式悬架高速磁悬浮列车的转向特性,设计摆式机构和主动电磁导向系统,建立了计算转向特性参数的一般性公式,用数值方法解算了车辆的转向特性参数.给出了悬架的运动形式和受力情况、最小弯道通过判据、主动电磁导向力和阻尼力的大小及分布方式.     

计算机联锁与翻车机联系电路的结合方案

介绍了计算机联锁与翻车机联系电路的技术条件,并结合站场实际对推重及排空作业、联系电路的结合设计及计算机联锁软件处理情况做了认真阐述。     

高速磁悬浮列车转向能力研究

分析了影响列车转向能力的3个主要因素:导向电磁铁长度、摆杆的摆动范围与拉力、相邻转向架对搭接电磁铁的挤压与拉伸,并提出了保持列车摆式结构不变、取消车辆搭接电磁铁、适当减小转向架和导向电磁铁长度的改进方案,使改进后的高速磁悬浮列车能满足较小转弯半径的要求.     

我国重载铁路货车车轮旋修及寿命周期研究

目前重载铁路货车段修时,车轮的旋修率普遍在70%以上,是所有零部件中修理比例最高的。因此车轮是制约车辆相关高级修程的主要零部件,其寿命周期是制定检修周期的基数。为了开展重载铁路货车车轮旋修及寿命周期研究,文章对C₈₀型货车车轮磨耗数据进行了检测、并分析了磨耗原因,总结了车轮的磨耗规律,并以此提出其他零部件的检修周期应以车轮旋修周期为基数,进入检修车间后进行必要的针对修,可有效提高检修效率、减少或避免临修故障,提高列车周转率。     

交叉口左转专用信号灯对车辆延误的影响

近年来，中国大中城市道路主干线交叉口采用了左转专用信号灯，针对这种交叉口提出了一种车辆延误模型，并在上海市的一个典型交叉口上进行了实测验证，并对比分析了车辆按均匀分布和按负二项分布通过停车线的延误结果，将些模型与停车线延误模型及冲突点延误模型进行了对比。分析表明，提出的有左转专用信号灯的交叉口车辆延误模型和相应的计算公式有一定的实用性，左转专用信号灯的采用，可以避免冲突的发生，增大路口通行能力。     

基于遗传算法求解转移流量的多目标规划方法

以十字交叉口为例,在分析交叉口进、出口流量与转移流量之间关系的基础上,以进口交通流量观测值与来自各个出口并进入该进口的估计转移流量之差的绝对值和出口交通流量观测值与该出口到达各个进口的估计转移流量之差的绝对值之和最小为目标函数,转移流量的实际取值范围作为约束条件,建立了求解转移流量的多目标规划模型.利用遗传算法并行运算的特性,提出了基于遗传算法求解转移流量的多目标规划方法.最后通过一个算例给出了应用该方法求解转移流量的多目标规划模型的求解效果.     

船舶回转性能分析

在对船舶作回转性能分析时，采用战术直径表征其他回转特征量，计算出不同舵角、航速、纵倾及排水体积下的回转圈战术直径。衡量各因素对战术直径的影响程度，总结战术直径随各因素变化的规律，得到不同排水量之间战术直径的简化算法，为试航回转试验的特征量从设计吃水转化为满载吃水提供了一种较简捷的近似换算方法。