船舶操纵回转特性的多目标优化设计应用

定常回转直径作为衡量船舶操纵性的一个指标受到人们的普遍重视。为提高船舶的回转性能,基于船舶四自由度的操纵性方程,分析船舶回转直径和回转横倾,讨论影响回转性能的舵型因素,并将其作为优化设计变量,利用Isight优化设计平台,采用遗传算法进行舵型参数的优化设计。通过选取某高速船作为优化对象,利用该方法进行舵型优化后,回转直径及回转横倾都减小。表明借助Isight的优化功能可以实现船舶操纵性能的优化。     

五轴半挂车高速下坡转弯动载响应分析

利用ADAMS/CAR建立了某型五轴半挂车(1+5+5)型的车辆模型,以及不同坡度、不同转弯半径的路面文件。仿真分析了车辆在弯坡路面高速下坡行驶的过程,说明了过程中动荷载变化的原因,统计分析了车辆在不同弯坡的路面上行驶产生的动荷载,找到了动荷载随着坡度、转弯半径的变化规律。可为路面设计和车辆设计时考虑动荷载的变化提供参考。     

拖曳臂式悬架对稳态回转性能影响的仿真分析

基于ADAMS/Car建立了某微型轿车的4种不同结构的柔性拖曳臂后悬架模型,以及整车刚柔耦合虚拟样机模型进行了稳态回转道路试验,通过试验与仿真结果的对比,验证了整车模型的正确性。对不同结构的后悬架并进行运动学仿真,研究拖曳臂式后悬架结构改变对整车稳态回转性能的影响。对装有4种拖曳臂悬架的整车模型进行稳态回转仿真,结果表明:通过拖曳臂悬架的加强筋长度,来减小后悬架的侧倾角刚度,可以有效的改善整车稳态回转性能。     

基于差速器原理的三体船动力传动装置研究

将舰船安装在船艉的螺旋桨安装到三体船主船体的两舷,此间水流场流速较快,基本没有涡流和紊流,可有效降低螺旋桨运行时的振动与噪声,并节约动力装置运行的能耗。同时,由于不再使用普通船舵,并采用这种对称式双螺旋桨动力装置,从而大大提高了舰船的续航力和生存力。结果表明,此设计在舰船节能减排、降低能耗、提高续航力和增加安全性等方面有显著效果。因此,基于汽车差速器原理来控制舰船的对称式双螺旋桨,可实现舰船的转弯变向。将该设计应用于三体船上,能有效提高三体船的灵活性和快速性。     

轮对踏面及轮缘磨耗接触式警报装置研究

轨道车辆轮对是否需要镟修的传统测量方法操作繁琐,不利于日常检修。利用轮缘厚度及踏面高度两个参数设计了能同时对轮对踏面磨耗量超限和轮对轮缘磨耗量超限做出灯光提示的接触式便携警报装置,给出了机械设计方案和针对轮对踏面及轮缘磨耗量超限的判断方法,并对警报装置测量误差进行了分析。该装置操作方便,能可靠地对轮对是否需要镟修作出判断。     

大型车右转弯车祸频发现象分析及对策研究

近年来,大型车(大型公交车、水泥混凝土运输车、拖挂车等)在小半径弯道右转弯处车祸频发,造成许多人生悲剧,导致生命财产损失严重。针对此现象,本文尝试从系统工程学多角度分析原因并提出相应对策方案,以减少悲剧的发生。通过分析,认为大型车在小半径道路右转弯处车祸频发的原因主要有:(1)大型车前后轮存在较大的轮迹差;(2)行人的视觉误差导致安全意识不强;(3)车辆右转弯存在视觉盲区。据此,采取相应针对性措施如下:(1)通过在小半径弯道内侧(特别是平交口右转弯道内侧)加宽区域设置专用警告标线和警告标志组合,以提高加宽区域的安全性;(2)建议在大型车后视镜上加设小型广角后视镜,以改善视觉盲区;(3)在平交口右转弯车道设置信号灯;(4)加强相关安全教育。     

基于VRML数控车削加工全景仿真技术研究

针对数控加工仿真依赖于昂贵CAD／CAM软件平台局限性，基于VRML，建立虚拟数控车削加工环境，利用参数化特征造型技术，将加工工件抽象成系列单体特征，取代繁复布尔运算，实现数控车削全景仿真。     

Three-dimensional analysis of transient slosh within a partly-filled tank equipped with baffles

The directional dynamic analyses of partly-filled tank vehicles have been limited to quasi-static fluid motion due to computational complexities associated with dynamic fluid slosh analyses. The dynamic fluid slosh causes significantly higher magnitudes of slosh forces and moments in the transient state that cannot be characterized through quasi-static approach, which provides reasonably good estimates of the mean responses. In this study, a three-dimensional nonlinear model of a partly-filled cylindrical tank with and without baffles is developed to investigate the significance of resulting destabilizing forces and moments caused by the transient fluid slosh, and the effects of baffles. The baffles and the end caps are modeled with curved shapes. The analyses are performed under varying magnitudes of steady lateral, longitudinal and combinations of lateral and longitudinal accelerations of the tank, and two different fill volumes using the FLUENT software. The results of the study are presented in terms of mean and peak slosh forces and moments, and variations in the mass moments of inertia of the fluid cargo within a clean bore and a baffled tank, for two different fill volumes and different magnitudes of acceleration excitations. The ratios of transient responses to the mean responses, termed as amplification factors, are further described to emphasize the significance of dynamic fluid slosh on the forces and moments induced on the vehicle. The results in general suggest that the mean responses attained from dynamic fluid slosh analyses correlate well with those attained from the quasi-static analyses for a clean bore tank. The amplification ratios of the resulting forces and moments could approach as high as 2. The results clearly show that the presence of baffles helps to suppress the peak as well as mean slosh forces and moments significantly.     

TBM侧向平移、空推新设备的研发及应用

以青岛地铁8 号线TBM 多次侧向平移、空推工况为背景,围绕传统“先轨后推”TBM 平移、空推工艺效率低、准备工作量大、 精度要求高、工序转换风险大等弊端进行创新优化,研发出新型的全断面隧道掘进机液动移位装置。该装置通过增加轮系及电液 压控制驱动力及转向、导向机构,从提高台架的承载能力、驱动力、轮系的强度、地面承载力及平整度等方面入手,克服了传统工艺 的弊端,可实现主机平移和空推工序合一,减少工序转换,施工效率高、风险低,可为类似盾构/ TBM 施工工况提供借鉴。     

Three-dimensional analysis of transient slosh within a partly-filled tank equipped with baffles

The directional dynamic analyses of partly-filled tank vehicles have been limited to quasi-static fluid motion due to computational complexities associated with dynamic fluid slosh analyses. The dynamic fluid slosh causes significantly higher magnitudes of slosh forces and moments in the transient state that cannot be characterized through quasi-static approach, which provides reasonably good estimates of the mean responses. In this study, a three-dimensional nonlinear model of a partly-filled cylindrical tank with and without baffles is developed to investigate the significance of resulting destabilizing forces and moments caused by the transient fluid slosh, and the effects of baffles. The baffles and the end caps are modeled with curved shapes. The analyses are performed under varying magnitudes of steady lateral, longitudinal and combinations of lateral and longitudinal accelerations of the tank, and two different fill volumes using the FLUENT software. The results of the study are presented in terms of mean and peak slosh forces and moments, and variations in the mass moments of inertia of the fluid cargo within a clean bore and a baffled tank, for two different fill volumes and different magnitudes of acceleration excitations. The ratios of transient responses to the mean responses, termed as amplification factors, are further described to emphasize the significance of dynamic fluid slosh on the forces and moments induced on the vehicle. The results in general suggest that the mean responses attained from dynamic fluid slosh analyses correlate well with those attained from the quasi-static analyses for a clean bore tank. The amplification ratios of the resulting forces and moments could approach as high as 2. The results clearly show that the presence of baffles helps to suppress the peak as well as mean slosh forces and moments significantly.