Experimental study on seismic vibration control of an offshore wind turbine with TMD considering soil liquefaction effect

Wind energy is clean and sustainable. Taiwan is establishing offshore wind farms using wind turbines in the Taiwan Strait. However, these are located in an earthquake-prone area with sandy seabed conditions. To ensure their safety and reliability, the turbines’ support structure must be protected against wind, waves, and seismic loads. Tuned mass dampers (TMDs) are commonly employed to reduce structural vibrations. A TMD is more simply incorporated into turbine structures than are other energy dissipation devices. In this study, a 1:25-scale test model with a TMD was constructed and subjected to shaking table tests to experimentally simulate the dynamic behavior of a typical 5-MW wind turbine with a jacket-type support structure and pile foundation. The scaled-down wind turbine model has a nacelle without rotating blades; therefore, the aerodynamic and rotational effects due to the rotating blades were ignored in this study. A large laminar shear box filled with saturated sandy ground was used to simulate the typical seabed conditions of Taiwanese offshore wind farms. The TMD system was designed to be tuned the first-mode frequency of the test model. Two ground accelerations, selected by considering wind farm site condition and near-fault characteristics, were used for excitation in the test. The responses of the test model with and without the TMD system were compared, and the influence of soil liquefaction on the effectiveness of TMD vibration control was addressed.     

非线性混合海况下近海风机塔筒底部载荷的动力响应

本文主要研究在非线性混合海况(即风浪和涌浪组合海况)下,以NREL 5MW_Baseline Monopile近海风机为研究对象,对其塔筒底部(基线)所受到的剪力和弯矩载荷的动力响应进行仿真。在近海风机的时域仿真中,选用了Ochi-Hubble六参数波浪谱,并编制了该谱的程序嵌入到FAST中进行编译。计算过程中,共进行了20次10 min的仿真分析。对于得到的短期载荷,给出了波高程,塔筒底部首尾向剪力和弯矩在线性与非线性不规则波作用下的时程曲线对比图。采用分块最大值法对每一次的短期载荷提取极值,并基于20次仿真所得的极值,给出了塔筒底部首尾向剪力与弯矩在线性与非线性不规则波作用下的超越概率曲线对比图。研究表明,在非线性混合海况下进行近海风机塔筒底部载荷的动力响应研究,计算结果对工程实际应用具有指导意义。     

Study of steady and unsteady wet steam condensing flows in a turbine stage

Objective To develop the numerical method for the steady and unsteady wet steam condensing flow in turbine stage. Methods An Eulerian/Eulerian numerical model is used to describe the spontaneous condensation flow in the steam turbine. For the steady condensing flow computations, the mixing plane model was used. For the unsteady condensing flow computations, the sliding mesh method was used to simulate the rotor-stator interactions. Results The numerical results showed the obvious differences between non-condensing and condensing flows. The results also showed the unsteadiness effect due to rotor-stator interactions had a deep influence on the formation and growth process of water droplets. Conclusion The numerical methods presented in this paper are valid for the condensing flow in the turbine stage.     

负攻角对向心涡轮内部流动影响的研究

对车用涡轮增压器向心涡轮级进行全三维黏性流动数值模拟,研究叶轮攻角变化对向心涡轮内部涡系产生及二次流的影响规律.研究表明,一定大小的负攻角可以有效改善叶轮进口段的流动,并保证叶轮的载荷和做功能力;二次流在攻角的影响下经历了一个较为复杂的演变过程,各种形式的二次流之间相互制约共同影响着二次流损失,二次流损失和攻角损失共同...     

并网型风电机组可靠性设计

介绍了并网型风电机组可靠性指标及其评估方法,及并网型风电机组的运行情况;根据并网型风电机组可靠性串联模型,对并网型风电机组进行可靠性设计,找出其薄弱环节,提高其可靠性,达到提高可利用率和年发电量的目的。     

兆瓦级风力发电机组试验系统

研制的兆瓦级风力发电机组试验系统,采用现场总线技术和虚拟仪器技术,将控制与测试技术二者有机结合,实现了被试风电机组真实运行工况的动态模拟和运行数据的高速同步采集、记录与实时分析,有效完成了风电机组相关国家标准要求的试验项目。     

三维竖轴潮流水轮机水动力性能研究

竖轴水轮机作为潮流能转换为电能的核心装置,其水动力性能的优劣将会直接影响到整体发电系统的效率。为了研究大型竖轴水轮机叶片安装角对水轮机水动力性能的影响,基于多参考系模型(MRF),采用Fluent软件对流场中的模型进行3D数值模拟。在转速和来流速度保持不变,改变安装角时,分析同种翼型5个不同安装角叶片对潮流能水轮机的水动力性能的影响。同时分析在同一安装角和旋转速度条件下,不同来流速度对水轮机水动力性能的影响。结果表明,叶片安装角对竖轴潮流水轮机的能量利用率影响较大,来流速度对水轮机叶片表面的静压力和输出功率具有一定的影响。研究结果对今后竖轴水轮机的设计和生产具有借鉴意义。     

可变喷嘴涡轮增压器控制策略研究

设计了可变喷嘴涡轮增压器控制策略。以潍柴蓝擎共轨柴油机为平台进行了可变喷嘴涡轮增压器性能匹配试验,台架试验显示,所设计的控制策略可实现可变喷嘴涡轮增压器的精确控制,对提高发动机低速扭矩,改善发动机低速和部分负荷时的经济性效果显著。     

增压器混流涡轮的设计和试验研究

为了提高车用增压器涡轮的性能,针对某柴油机匹配的JP78B增压器进行了混流涡轮设计和试验研究。利用叶轮机械CFD软件NUMECA,对所设计的8个混流涡轮叶轮进行了叶轮内部流动的计算,分析了叶轮进口倾斜角、叶轮进口攻角、叶轮宽度和叶片数对混流涡轮叶轮性能的影响,进行了混流涡轮和径流涡轮的性能试验。试验结果表明,混流涡轮比径流涡轮效率高,并且涡轮最高效率点的u/co小。     

Design optimization of a TetraSpar-type floater and tower for the IEA Wind 15 MW reference wind turbine

We present an optimization study for the conceptual design of wind turbine floaters of the TetraSpar type. The optimization variables include all geometric dimensions of the floater, keel, mooring lines and tower design. A gradient based optimization method is applied to a mass proportional objective cost function. The objective function accounts for the different weight components of the floater, including secondary steel, the wind turbine tower, and the mooring system. A frequency domain response method is utilized, so that each design evaluation also takes into account the dynamic response for 12 wind speeds with associated wave conditions. Nineteen constraints are applied for static and dynamic response, natural frequencies, and fatigue at the bottom of the tower. Two reference designs are presented, namely one with a soft–stiff tower and one with a stiff–stiff tower. Due to the anti-phase coupling of the floater pitch and tower vibration, the soft–stiff tower needs a stronger floater stiffness in pitch. This design thus has a larger water plane area moment than the more compact stiff–stiff floater, which is found to be the least economical. A constraint analysis is next presented based on Lagrange multipliers and a relative cost index. We find that the strongest cost influence is exerted by the 3P tower frequency constraint for the stiff-stiff and soft-stiff designs. Finally, a third design variant with a free optimizable tower frequency is introduced. This design is found to be 11% cheaper than the soft–stiff design and highlights the potential cost savings of tower designs within the 3P region.