舰船声弹性及声辐射理论研究概述

经过了五十年左右的研究发展,尤其近二十多年中,在舰艇声隐身背景需求的促进和推动下,以舰艇为主要对象的声弹性研究,建立了完整的理论框架.本文系统综述声弹性研究的基本内容和方法以及重要结果,重点回顾水下弹性结构受机械力激励的外场声辐射研究的发展过程,并简单归纳声弹性研究的发展趋势.     

低噪声导流罩的设计

文章主要介绍多波束回声测深系统在"大洋一号"船体底部独特的布置,顺畅的导流罩线型及其低响应的结构设计,导流罩装船后降噪效果与国内外同类相比显著,使布置于导流罩内部的多种装船系统设备的技术性能得到充分发挥.     

A decision support system for integrated hazardous materials routing and emergency response decisions

Hazardous materials routing constitutes a critical decision in mitigating the associated transportation risk. This paper presents a decision support system for assessing alternative distribution routes in terms of travel time, risk and evacuation implications while coordinating the emergency response deployment decisions with the hazardous materials routes. The proposed system provides the following functionalities: (i) determination of alternative non-dominated hazardous materials distribution routes in terms of cost and risk minimization, (ii) specification of the hazardous materials first-response emergency service units locations in order to achieve timely response to an accident, and (iii) determination of evacuation paths from the impacted area to designated shelters and estimation of the associated evacuation time. The proposed system has been implemented, used and evaluated for assessing alternative hazardous materials routing decisions within the heavily industrialized area of Thriasion Pedion of Attica, Greece. The implementation of the aforementioned functionalities is based on two new integer programming models for the hazardous materials routing and the emergency response units location problems, respectively. A simplified version of the routing model is solved by an existing heuristic algorithm developed by the authors. A new Lagrangean relaxation heuristic algorithm has been developed for solving the emergency response units location problem. The focus of this paper is on the exposition of the proposed decision support system components and functionalities. Special emphasis is placed on the presentation of the two new mathematical models and the new solution method for the location model.     

三维声呐成像系统在防波堤水下安装块石中的运用

防波堤工程水下块石安装的效率及安全是工程中至关重要的部分,而传统的安装方法和检测手段存在严重不足。三维实时声呐成像系统有效克服了传统方法的弊端,具有实时、高效、清晰、保证人员安全的优势。并且能够在水下能见度极低、海况条件差等复杂条件下正常工作。以以色列阿什杜德港防波堤工程为例,总结利用水下三维声呐成像系统安装人工护坡块石所采取的技术与控制措施,具有较高的适用和推广价值。     

水下爆炸作用下船底液舱动态响应的仿真分析

针对水下爆炸作用下舰船底部液舱的动态响应,采用数值方法进行研究。借助有限元程序ABAQUS对1个简单液舱板架结构模型的动态响应进行数值仿真分析,比较了空舱、满载液舱、半载液舱和单层底这4种情况,分析了各层板中点处的压强、应力及加速度等动态参数。结果表明,半载液舱的防护效果最好,能同时缓解水下爆炸对外底板和内底板的冲击作用。     

鱼雷主动超声非触发引信抗水中爆炸干扰研究

鱼雷对潜/舰艇目标实施攻击时,其主动超声非触发引信受刭两类干扰源干扰,一类为自然干扰,另一类为人工干扰。而人工干扰包括：单个或系列水中爆炸干扰,对抗器材干扰等;水中爆炸所产生的声波频谱很宽,复盖声引信频段;此类干扰将影响鱼雷主动超声非触发引信正常工作,甚至将产生声非触发引信误动的后果,因此主动超声非触发引信抗单个或系列水中爆炸干扰的性能是鱼雷可靠性设计的重要指标。文中针对单个或系列水中爆炸干扰因素的分析,探讨应采取的抗干扰措施,最后对主动超声非触发引信抗干扰电路进行工程设计,阐述其电路组成、工作原理及特点以及仿真试验,并给出试验结果。     

探查水下矿物资源的AUV动力控制系统开发

Valuable mineral resources are widely distributed throughout the seabed. autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) are preferable to remotely-operated vehicles (ROVs) when probing for such mineral resources as the extensive exploration area makes it difficult to maintain contact with operators. AUVs depend on batteries, so their power consumption should be reduced to extend exploration time. Power for conventional marine instrument systems is incorporated in their waterproof sealing. External intermittent control of this power source until termination of exploration is challenging due to limitations imposed by the underwater environment. Thus, the AUV must have a power control system that can improve performance and maximize use of battery capacity. The authors developed such a power control system with a three-step algorithm. It automatically detects underwater operational states and can limit power, effectively decreasing power consumption by about 15%.     

水下爆炸脉动载荷对连续玄武岩纤维复合材料船体结构的影响

运用有限元程序MSC.Dytran模拟水下爆炸气泡脉动现象的整个过程,计算输出气泡中心位置压力时历曲线与爆炸理论吻合;采用层合板模型模拟连续玄武岩纤维复合材料,选取一般耦合算法计算流体与结构的耦合效应,计算连续玄武岩纤维复合材料舱段在脉动载荷作用下的动力响应;分析连续玄武岩纤维复合材料船体结构位移时历曲线、应力时历曲线及船底板应力云图.研究结果表明,在近场爆炸情况下,第一次脉动产生的应力波有可能比爆炸冲击波对船体造成更大的破坏;爆炸产生的脉动载荷频率接近整船或局部构件固有频率时,引发共振,对船体造成爆炸冲击破坏外的附加损害.     

船体结构对水下冲击波动态响应的数值研究

船舶的水下爆炸响应是一个重要而复杂的问题,对船舶抗爆能力的提高有着重要的意义.本文使用商业有限元程序ABAQUS对某船体在水下爆炸冲击波作用下的动态响应进行了数值模拟.该问题解决中包括流固耦合问题,边界条件的处理.详细给出了某船舶在水下爆炸的响应结果,揭示了船体的加速度响应、船体的应力响应、船体的速度响应3个方面的响应规律.通过和相关试验数据进行比较,表明数值结果与试验结果两者吻合良好.最后考察并给出了各层甲板在关键肋位上的点的应力和速度响应峰值.所得到船舶在水下爆炸下的响应规律,为船舶设计提供有力的依据.     

空气中噪声源激发水下声场的国外研究进程

对空气中噪声源激发水下声场的研究是在军事需求与民用需求推动下开展起来的.本文主要针对国外在该领域的研究进程进行讨论,其主要思路是以理论建模为基础,利用射线声学理论、简正波理论及波数积分等波动声学方法来建立空气中噪声源激发的水下声场模型,得到其水下声传播规律,包括指向性、传播损失及空间分布特性的理论结果.同时以实验室研究为指导,通过海上试验获取空气中噪声源激发的水下声场特性.最终形成海军武器装备.