桥梁自调式检修平台的设计与施工

桥梁检修施工中,要求不中断或尽量缩短交通中断时间,以满足交通运输畅通的需要,并且要保证施工质量和工作效率,结合工程特点和要求,迫切需要设计出一种安全、适用、轻便、舒适的自调式检修平台。根据桥梁结构特点,采用型钢形成U形抱箍固定于盖梁,抱箍上连接挂架平台,同时抱箍两角形成钢丝绳连接点,连接钢丝绳,继而逐榀拼接并挂设挂架平台,平台采用型钢焊接与自平衡系统连接成一榀,施工人员利用自锁式安全笼爬梯搭设和到达检修平台。运用MIDAS建模进行受力计算。结果显示:自调式检修平台的强度、刚度、抗风等均符合规范要求,同时实现了梁底全面施工不受桥下环境限制、不影响通航、不中断交通、不占用车道、不造成结构锚固破坏,以及灵活、轻便、可循环重复使用等优点。本设计可以为高速公路或地方道路桥梁检修施工提供理论基础及技术支撑。     

一种内河船舶吃水检测系统设计

船舶在通过船闸和升船机等通航设施时因超吃水会导致安全事故,目前常见的船舶吃水检测方法均存在弊端,无法满足检测需求。结合超声波衍射原理,设计一种基于侧扫单波束阵列的吃水检测系统,详细介绍该系统的组成及功能,并在葛洲坝船闸进行安装和测试。结果表明,该系统具有水质适应性强、易于安装、维护方便等优点,能够有效检测船舶动态吃水,测量值与实际核实吃水值的标准差小于0. 086 m,对过闸船舶具有一定的预警作用。     

带缆水下机器人控制仿真模拟与水动力分析

本文以Fluent多重滑移网格技术对带缆水下机器人系统进行路径跟踪的仿真计算,将收放缆反馈控制与PID算法调节螺旋桨转速的双重控制策略应用于带缆水下机器人系统,并对带缆水下机器人系统升沉运动的控制误差、螺旋桨推力与转速之间的关系、缆绳系统的张力特性以及水下机器人的水动力响应做了分析。文中数值模拟结果表明,双重控制策略下,带缆水下机器人路径跟踪的控制运动较为精确,其升沉运动位移最大误差约为0.2 m;螺旋桨的转速与推力呈正相关性,转速越大,推力也越大;水下机器人沿预定轨迹运动过程中,缆绳系统张力呈现周期性震荡的变化规律,机器人主体受到的水动力荷载与多种因素相关。     

水下滑翔机器鱼机构设计与运动性能分析

本文设计了一种具有仿生尾鳍的水下滑翔机器人混合驱动机构,通过内部质量块的平移、旋转、仿生尾鳍的偏置以及外部皮囊的伸缩可实现滑翔机器人的小半径三维螺旋运动。同时,建立了水下滑翔机器鱼的水动力学模型,得到了稳态螺旋运动方程,给出了俯仰调节机构质心位置、尾鳍角、横滚调节机构质心旋转角与转弯半径和垂直速度之间的关系,以及每种稳态螺旋运动所对应的输出变量初值的取值范围。所得结果表明,在俯仰调节、浮力调节、横滚调节和尾鳍驱动的共同作用下,水下滑翔机器鱼可以获得更小的转弯半径,因而机动性更好。所设计的水下滑翔机器鱼在河流和湖泊等环境的水质监测、水下柱形区域取样等领域具有潜在的应用价值。     

高密度电法在某铁路隧道检测中的应用

文章以京包线旗下营隧道工程为例,通过比较高密度电法与地质雷达法酮优劣,提出采用高密度电法进行隧道病害检测,并总结了在应用高密度电法前应进行的准备工作,阐述了高密度电算法在现场检测时的具体操作方法和注意事项。     

埋地管道防腐层破损点检测技术综合应用研究

对防腐层完整性检测尤其是对防腐层破损点的精确定位,及对检出大、中面积破损点开挖修补,是确保土壤跟管道的有效绝缘、提高阴极保护效果的关键。文中分析了常用埋地钢质管道防腐层破损点检测技术特点,结合现场检测实践,综合应用多种技术,能有效检测埋地钢质管道防腐层破损点。根据测量数据可以判断破损点大小以及是否开挖修理,在管道安全运行及检测的经济性之间寻找结合点。     

一种新型在线长输管道管体检测技术

文中介绍一种以磁应力为原理的检测技术,即磁力断层摄影检测技术.该技术是一种非接触式的被动检测技术,可以检测出长输管道管体各类型缺陷.首先简单阐述了检测原理,其次详细说明了执行一次检测的全流程工作步骤,以及各步骤的工作内容,然后简要介绍了其独特的经验性计算MAOP和剩余寿命的公式,接着以实际试点检测工作为例,说明了该技术的可行性,最后指明了该技术的优缺点.     

软岩隧道三维扫描变形监测技术的试验研究

为解决传统监测技术单点监测无法满足软岩隧道整体性变形监测的局限性,采用三维激光扫描技术进行软岩隧道整体性变形监测试验,从隧道结构的变形时间、变形空间分布及变形量进行整体分析。首先建立全站仪和三维激光扫描仪测量误差模型,分析三维扫描监测技术与传统隧道监测技术的特点,通过平面标靶和棱镜靶球精度试验得出平面标靶最佳入射角范围小于60°,棱镜靶球自动提取距离不大于45 m,作为测站设置和控制点布设的依据; 然后以渭武高速木寨岭隧道2号斜井工程为依托,开展软岩隧道三维扫描变形监测技术的试验研究。研究结果表明： 中台阶开挖支护前已发生较大变形,最大变形位置为左侧上台阶与中台阶交界处,空间分布呈左大右小,试验段最大累计变形达0.48 m,下台阶及时封闭成环及2层初期支护有利于变形控制。     

Probabilistic multi-aircraft conflict detection approach for trajectory-based operation

Conflict detection (CD) is one of the key functions used to ensure air transport safety and efficiency. In trajectory-based operation (TBO), aircraft are provided with more flexibility in en route trajectory planning and more responsibility for self-separation. The high flexibility in trajectory planning enables random changes in pilot intent, thus increasing the uncertainty in trajectory prediction and CD. This study proposes a novel probabilistic CD approach for TBO in which the uncertainty of pilot intent is taken into account by quantifying the aircraft reachable domain constrained by the flight plan. First, a probabilistic model for aircraft trajectory prediction is developed using the truncated Brownian bridge method. Based on this model, a novel conflict probability estimation method is developed. Finally, the performance of the proposed probabilistic CD approach is demonstrated through an illustrative air traffic scenario.     

Assessing the impact of reduced visibility on traffic crash risk using microscopic data and surrogate safety measures

Due to the difficulty of obtaining accurate real-time visibility and vehicle based traffic data at the same time, there are only few research studies that addressed the impact of reduced visibility on traffic crash risk. This research was conducted based on a new visibility detection system by mounting visibility sensor arrays combined with adaptive learning modules to provide more accurate visibility detections. The vehicle-based detector, Wavetronix SmartSensor HD, was installed at the same place to collect traffic data. Reduced visibility due to fog were selected and analyzed by comparing them with clear cases to identify the differences based on several surrogate measures of safety under different visibility classes. Moreover, vehicles were divided into different types and the vehicles in different lanes were compared in order to identify whether the impact of reduced visibility due to fog on traffic crash risk varies depending on vehicle types and lanes. Log-Inverse Gaussian regression modeling was then applied to explore the relationship between time to collision and visibility together with other traffic parameters. Based on the accurate visibility and traffic data collected by the new visibility and traffic detection system, it was concluded that reduced visibility would significantly increase the traffic crash risk especially rear-end crashes and the impact on crash risk was different for different vehicle types and for different lanes. The results would be helpful to understand the change in traffic crash risk and crash contributing factors under fog conditions. We suggest implementing the algorithms in real-time and augmenting it with ITS measures such as VSL and DMS to reduce crash risk.