浅埋顶管沉井周边土体的三维破坏形状及沉降研究

为研究顶管沉井及周边土体在顶进力作用下的形变范围与大小，以加固旋喷桩作为沉井周围加固体建立ABAQUS软件计算模型，并将模拟结果与工程实例、PLAXIS 3D软件所得结果进行对比分析。同时，采用广州地区花岗岩残积土进行室内沉井模型试验，并通过试验结果对数值模拟结论进行验证，得出结论如下： 1）在开挖基坑前达到设计强度的旋喷桩能有效减小基坑周边土体塌陷变形、坑底隆起。2）在施加工作顶推力下，前侧主动区首先出现贯通裂缝，竖向位移斜率增大出现明显拐点；继续增大顶推力，土体位移会急剧增大导致地表沉降严重。3）对于后背土体，在顶推力作用下，地表破裂线的切线角度从0°逐渐增大至45°+φ/2，导致破裂范围也不断扩大；达到45°+φ/2处后，继续施加顶推力会导致短轴方向破坏范围扩大的速度较长轴方向的速度更快；三维空间中被动区破坏土体在地表处产生形状为椭圆的破坏面，椭圆长轴方向为顶推轴线方向，被动破坏体呈现为牛角状椭圆楔体。     

Design of tyre force excitation for tyre–road friction estimation

Knowledge of the current tyre–road friction coefficient is essential for future autonomous vehicles. The environmental conditions, and the tyre–road friction in particular, determine both the braking distance and the maximum cornering velocity and thus set the boundaries for the vehicle. Tyre–road friction is difficult to estimate during normal driving due to low levels of tyre force excitation. This problem can be solved by using active tyre force excitation. A torque is added to one or several wheels in the purpose of estimating the tyre–road friction coefficient. Active tyre force excitation provides the opportunity to design the tyre force excitation freely. This study investigates how the tyre force should be applied to minimise the error of the tyre–road friction estimate. The performance of different excitation strategies was found to be dependent on both tyre model choice and noise level. Furthermore, the advantage with using tyre models with more parameters decreased when noise was added to the force and slip ratio.     

The Kalker book of tables for non-Hertzian contact of wheel and rail

A new regularisation of non-elliptical contact patches has been introduced, which enables building the look-up table called by us the Kalker book of tables for non-Hertzian contact (KBTNH), which is a fast creep force generator that can be used by multibody dynamics system simulation programs. The non-elliptical contact patch is regularised by a simple double-elliptical contact region (SDEC). The SDEC region is especially suitable for regularisation of contact patches obtained with approximate non-Hertzian methods for solving the normal contact problem of wheel and rail. The new regularisation is suitable for wheels and rails with any profiles, including worn profiles.

The paper describes the new procedure of regularisation of the non-elliptical contact patch, the structure of the Kalker book of tables, and parameterisation of the independent variables of the tables and creep forces.

A moderate volume Kalker book of tables for SDEC region suitable for simulation of modern running gears has been computed in co-simulation of Matlab and program CONTACT.

To access the creep forces of the Kalker book of tables, the linear interpolation has been applied.

The creep forces obtained from KBTNH have been compared to those obtained by program CONTACT and FASTSIM algorithm. FASTSIM has been applied on both the contact ellipse and the SDEC contact patch. The comparison shows that KBTNH is in good agreement with CONTACT for a wide range of creepage condition and shapes of the contact patch, whereas the use of FASTSIM on the elliptical patch and SDEC may lead to significant deviations from the reference CONTACT solutions.

The computational cost of calling creep forces from KBTNH has been estimated by comparing CPU time of FASTSIM and KBTNH. The KBTNH is 7.8–51 times faster than FASTSIM working on 36–256 discretisation elements, respectively.

In the example of application, the KBTNH has been applied for curving simulations and results compared with those obtained with the creep force generator employing the elliptical regularisation. The results significantly differ, especially in predicted creepages, because the elliptical regularisation neglects generation of the longitudinal creep force by spin creepage.     

关于公交停靠站影响区范围的研究

随着城市公共交通系统的发展,公交停靠站对道路交通流的影响已逐渐引起人们的注意。分析公交停靠站的影响首先应该对停靠站的影响区范围进行界定。在分析前人研究成果的基础上,基于交通波理论,按考虑超车与否,分析公交停靠站的影响区范围长度,得到不同交通流密度条件下公交停靠站影响区长度的计算公式。     

基于虚拟应力场法的船舶避让与控制

为了实现船舶在航道内的避障,应用虚拟力场法建立了避障模型,描述了目标点的虚拟引力和障碍物的虚拟斥力之间的关系及其功能设计,实现了从船舶运动坐标值到控制量的转变,结果证明．船舶能够在多变的周边环境中实现避障功能。     

大倾角搁浅船舶扳正过程分析

在研究大倾角搁浅船舶的扳正过程中,计算了难船扳正力、横倾角和吃水。根据搁浅船舶的受力特点,建立了其力学模型,分析了扳正过程中横倾角、吃水、入泥深度与海底泥土性质对船体的影响。利用GHS软件模拟搁浅船舶的扳正过程,以某搁浅液化气船舶为例,求解了其扳正过程中船体扳正力、总搁坐力、剪力、弯矩和转矩,比较了难船不同扳正方案,分析了难船的扳正方式、搁坐位置、上层建筑与储气罐对难船打捞的影响。分析结果表明:在扳正过程中,3个方案的力学参数的变化趋势是一致的。最大扳正力相差较大,差值为9.1%~20.0%。搁坐力、剪力和弯矩均在横倾角为-55°~-50°时达到最大值,船体虽然在该阶段不需加载较大的扳正力,但仍应该注意船体的受力情况。在横倾角为-120°~-100°时,转矩变化非常剧烈。弯矩和转矩均出现了反向变化的现象,威胁船体结构的安全,扳正中应该谨慎处理。选择合适的扳正方案时应该综合考虑扳正力施力点的位置和扳正过程对船体与环境安全的潜在威胁。     

浮摆式波浪发电平台系泊系统设计

针对一台自行设计的浮摆式波浪发电平台的运动特点与采能方式,对其系泊系统进行设计。系泊型式为"平台—连接缆—浮筒—锚链—锚"的悬链线单点浮筒系泊。以试验海域海况参数为依据,计算系统载荷,并采用准静力分析法对系泊系统各构件进行选型设计。设计的连接缆为钢丝绳,浮筒为圆柱型钢制浮筒,锚链为二级有档锚链,作业锚为AC-14锚。经检验,设计的系统符合安全要求和平台稳定性需求。     

田湾核电站扩建工程取水明渠导流堤优化设计

取水工程为核电厂重要构筑物,按照较高的核电标准设计往往断面较大,在保证取水安全的前提下,分析不同工程的使用要求,有针对性的的进行优化设计,可降低工程造价。以田湾核电取水工程为例,分析优化设计过程,供类似工程参考。     

带分布式动力吸振器基座振动传递特性研究

在弹性梁上等间距安装吸振器,构建带分布式动力器的基座系统,建立了Euler梁-吸振器-弹性支承耦合系统的力学模型。给出了子结构的导纳矩阵,推导了基座的动态特性传递方程,得到了基座系统的力传递率表达式,并详细讨论了系统参数对基座减振性能的影响。搭建了带分布式吸振器基座系统实验平台,对电阻应变式力传感器进行了标定,测试了基座的力传递率特性。数值仿真与实验测试结果均表明,带分布式动力吸振器基座在低频取得了优越的减振效果。     

小水线面双体船波浪载荷研究

摘要：针对某大型小水线面双体船,进行波浪载荷直接计算。根据规则波中波浪载荷RAO特性和其波浪载荷的长期预报结果,确定该船的设计载荷。并将该设计载荷与CCS《小水线面双体船指南》中设计载荷进行对比和分析,指出规范对于大尺度大排水量小水线面双体船波浪载荷计算的局限性。同时,由该船波浪载荷长期值沿船长和船宽的分布,分析其波浪载荷的分布规律,为工程中大排水量小水线面双体船的结构设计和加载提供参考。