Multi‐objective highway alignment optimization using a genetic algorithm

The available highway alignment optimization algorithms use the total cost as the objective function. This is a single objective optimization process. In this process, travel‐time, vehicle operation accident earthwork land acquisition and pavement construction costs are the basic components of the total cost. This single objective highway alignment optimization process has limited capability in handling the cost components separately. Moreover, this process cannot yield a set of alternative solutions from a single run. This paper presents a multi‐objective approach to overcome these shortcomings. Some of the cost components of highway alignments are conflicting in nature. Minimizing some of them will yield a straighter alignment; whereas, minimizing others would make the alignment circuitous. Therefore, the goal of the multiobjective optimization approach is to handle the trade‐off amongst the highway alignment design objectives and present a set of near optimal solutions. The highway alignment objectives, i.e., cost functions, are not continuous in nature. Hence, a special genetic algorithm based multi‐objective optimization algorithm is suggested The proposed methodology is demonstrated via a case study at the end.     

Direct formulation and algorithms for the probit-based stochastic user equilibrium traffic assignment problem

This paper proposes simple and direct formulation and algorithms for the probit-based stochastic user equilibrium traffic assignment problem. It is only necessary to account for random variables independent of link flows by performing a simple transformation of the perceived link travel time with a normal distribution. At every iteration of a Monte-Carlo simulation procedure, the values of the random variables are sampled based on their probability distributions, and then a regular deterministic user equilibrium assignment is carried out to produce link flows. The link flows produced at each iteration of the Monte-Carlo simulation are averaged to yield the final flow pattern. Two test networks demonstrate that the proposed algorithms and the traditional algorithm (the Method of Successive Averages) produce similar results and that the proposed algorithms can be extended to the computation of the case in which the random error term depends on measured travel time.     

城市轨道交通ATS系统外部接口日志分析

青岛地铁11号线采用的是国内自主研发的自动列车监控系统(ATS),ATS系统作为一个综合信息监控系统的实现平台,以通信前置机作为通信枢纽,与时钟系统、乘客信息系统、广播系统、综合监控系统、无线系统等实现接口.现结合现场实际运行数据,采用UltraEdit文本编辑工具对通信前置机的日志进行检索、分析,通过系统后台的日志分...     

光收发模块激光二极管接口电路的优化

在高速光收发模块中,驱动激光二极管的接口电路是模块性能参数实现的关键环节.为此,本文根据半导体激光器的特性,介绍一款交流耦合接口电路,可以在光通信模块进行初测时,通过微调元器件,使接口电路设计达到最优化.     

接触面单元对单桩位移应力的影响分析

在用有限元法分析桩土相互作用的研究中,采用不同的接触面单元得到的结果必然不同。通过分别引入Goodman单元和Desai单元进行单桩有限元分析,研究接触面单元对桩土接触面力学特性及单桩位移应力的影响。分析认为:在桩顶荷载较小时两者的桩土接触面力学特性以及单桩的位移应力差别很小;桩顶荷载较大时,采用Goodman单元计算所得的桩顶沉降小,接触面剪应力大,轴力沿桩身递减快,桩端阻力和沉降都较小,单桩的竖向抗压极限承载力较大。     

综合监控智能通信终端在铁路中的应用

对综合监控LT2622 E1-L inker智能通信终端功能进行了描述,分析了E1接口方案、光接口方案、V35接口方案及网络管理等,并对通信终端设备的应用进行分析,LT2622 E1-L inker智能通信终端规范互联互通通信协议,稳定性、兼容性好,适合在铁路监控系统中应用。     

轨道交通通信总承包的接口管理

由于轨道交通通信系统涵盖诸多子系统,对于总承包方来说,管理这些内部接口有着一定的难度,而对于和外部系统如土建、防灾、楼宇自动化、自动售检票、信号等的接口管理也有相当的复杂度.根据各接口的特点,分类归档,并采用专人负责、定期会议、接口确认制度、时间进度控制等有效的管理手段来解决接口管理这一难题.     

Boundedly rational user equilibria (BRUE): Mathematical formulation and solution sets

Boundedly rational user equilibria (BRUE) represent traffic flow distribution patterns where travellers can take any route whose travel cost is within an ‘indifference band’ of the shortest path cost. Those traffic flow patterns satisfying the above condition constitute a set, named the BRUE solution set. It is important to obtain all the BRUE flow patterns, because it can help predict the variation of the link flow pattern in a traffic network under the boundedly rational behavior assumption. However, the methodology of constructing the BRUE set has been lacking in the established literature. This paper fills the gap by constructing the BRUE solution set on traffic networks with fixed demands. After defining ε-BRUE, where ε is the indifference band for the perceived travel cost, we formulate the ε-BRUE problem as a nonlinear complementarity problem (NCP), so that a BRUE solution can be obtained by solving a BRUE–NCP formulation. To obtain the BRUE solution set encompassing all BRUE flow patterns, we propose a methodology of generating acceptable path set which may be utilized under the boundedly rational behavior assumption. We show that with the increase of the indifference band, the acceptable path set that contains boundedly rational equilibrium flows will be augmented, and the critical values of indifference band to augment these path sets can be identified by solving a family of mathematical programs with equilibrium constraints (MPEC) sequentially. The BRUE solution set can then be obtained by assigning all traffic demands to the acceptable path set. Various numerical examples are given to illustrate our findings.     

A time‐staged multi‐objective network‐design model

A multi‐objective, time‐staged network‐design problem is formulated. Through transformation, the problem is decomposed into a set of single‐period, single‐objective problems. Lexicographic ordering is instrumental in effecting this transformation; it also allows a backward‐recursion algorithm to be applied using strong pruning criteria. Furthermore, monotonicity properties enable us to solve the problem using the familiar tree‐search algorithms. The solution method has several desirable properties — as shown by an example and a case study of Tripoli Province, Libya. First, the algorithm ensures continuity of project implementation over the multi time‐periods and provides optimality in later computational stages irrespective of the decision at an interim stage. Second, the algorithm tends to provide accessibility to unconnected regions in the study area at low user‐cost without employing weights to the two objective functions of accessibility and user‐cost efficiency. Such a property is deemed advantageous for suggesting transportation investments based purely on purchasing the greatest benefit for each dollar, with political neutrality strictly maintained.     

电控预混合式气体燃料发动机后台管理软件的开发

介绍了预混合式气体燃料发动机的后台管理软件的改进方案，软件在原有基础上改为基于USB串行通讯方式，增加了MAP图生成模块、FLASH控制模块和爆震检测控制模块等，使得该软件系统更加完善和适用。