Alcohol and traffic accidents in Japan

Alcohol induces many traffic accidents. Recently, the number of incidences of driving under the influence of alcohol (DUIA) has decreased in Japan; however, the number of drink-driving situations remains constant. Toughening the penalty has not been a particularly effective method for reducing the number of DUIAs. To reduce accidents resulting from DUIA, an approach other than sanctions may be necessary. Alcohol impairs attentional control for simple tasks and increases the propensity for risk-taking behavior; these are the major perils of DUIA. There are many risk factors for DUIA, including area, time, personal traits, the use of other substances, and alcohol use disorder. Each individual has a different risk factor for drink-driving, so it is important to provide more education for individuals and interventions for alcohol usage according to each risk factor.     

Modelling and control of a new differential steering concept

This paper presents a new steer-by-wire concept using an all-wheel drive vehicle layout with in-wheel motors while completely omitting the application of any dedicated steering device. Steering is based on the so-called differential steering principle which generates the necessary steering moment about the kingpins by a traction force difference between left and right sides of the vehicle. In order to investigate the behaviour of the vehicle and to design the underlying control algorithms, a planar vehicle model is presented, where the vehicle is described as constrained non-holonomic system requiring a special treatment. A state feedback linear controller for controlling of the lateral dynamics of the vehicle at higher speeds and a simple PI angle controller for low-speed manoeuvring are developed. The resulting behaviour of the system is investigated by various simulation experiments demonstrating a comparable steering performance of the new steering concept as that of conventional passenger cars.     

出口道左转交叉口信号控制鲁棒优化方法

为了提高出口道左转交叉口在现实交通需求和供给波动环境中的适应性,权衡运行效率与稳定性,对其鲁棒优化方法进行研究。在对出口道左转交叉口运行特点和饱和流率进行分析的基础上,提出从交通需求分布、基本饱和流率分布和实际运行车速分布3个方面考虑交通的波动性,以适应出口道左转交叉口交通供给波动与控制方案相关联的特征。在此基础上,分别以平均值-标准差最小、条件风险值最小和最大值最小化为目标,建立3种信号控制鲁棒优化方法,并基于遗传算法建立求解算法。通过算例分析,对鲁棒优化算法的准确性、平均值-标准差模型的参数取值和3种鲁棒优化方法优化效益进行分析。研究结果表明：所建立的鲁棒优化方法可实现交通需求和供给波动下出口道左转交叉口信号控制与设计车速的优化设计,相较于传统控制方案其在保证效率的前提下提高了控制方案运行的稳定性;平均值-标准差模型和条件风险值模型对于各项指标均表现较好,可在保障平均延误维持较优值的基础上（案例中车均延误增加小于3%）显著改善运行效果的稳定性（案例中延误标准差减少约40%）;最小-最大模型对延误最大值的优化效果最佳,但其对于控制方案的整体效率会造成较大的负面影响（案例中车均延误增加了8.19%）。     

视讯会议系统“一键点名”功能硏究

以铁路视讯会议网工程建设标准和视讯会议系统网管的标准配置文件为基础,通过反复试验和结果分析,确定广铁集团视讯会议操作繁琐的原因,并提出相应的优化方案,提高了广铁集团视讯会议系统会议控制的效率。     

地铁列车远程数据管理系统设计与应用

从指导地铁列车高效运营和快速检修的客户需求出发,提出了地铁列车远程数据管理系统的组网结构和系统组成方案,通过分析地面采集存储软件和Web端管理软件的技术路线、软件模块流程和远程列车状态界面设计,实现了实时/非实时运行和故障数据的远程采集、解析、存储和显示功能。该系统设计在厦门地铁1号线车辆中已测试验证,目前应用稳定,达到了远程技术支持车辆运行、指导应急故障处理和维修快捷方便的目的。     

CRH3与CRH5型动车组中压供电方式对比分析

介绍了CRH3与CRH5型动车组车辆在各种情况下的中压分配情况,分别分析了CRH3、CRH5型动车组的中压供电方式及其控制条件和逻辑关系,对比分析了CRH3、CRH5型动车组中压供电的优缺点。供电技术的不断提升,使CRH3、CRH5型动车组的供电更加可靠、安全和稳定,同时也推动了高速列车技术的发展,使旅客乘坐更加舒适。     

重庆轨道交通环线电力监控与数据采集系统的建设与创新

基于电力监控与数据采集系统深度集成于综合监控系统的弊端分析,介绍了重庆环线电力监控与数据采集系统独立组网的自立分层分布式系统结构,及其在控制中心与综合监控系统的互联。介绍了基于电力系统CIM(公用信息模型)和CIS(组件接口规范)的电力监控与数据采集系统模型建立,详细阐述了重庆环线电力监控与数据采集系统的程序控制技术及远程图形服务技术,以及该系统在能源管理及其他高级应用方面取得的创新成果。     

嵌入式船用变频供水控制系统

随着船舶自动化和智能化的不断发展,船舶供水系统对控制系统将提出更高的要求。相对于P L C变频供水控制系统而言,嵌入式变频供水控制系统具有成本低廉、功耗低、体积小和扩展灵活等特点。文章设计了一套嵌入式船用变频器供水控制系统,具有液晶屏手动和变频控制、本地控制、恒压设定、运行数据监测等功能。该系统经实验室安装测试后基本达到预期功能,为后续进一步优化设计奠定了坚实的基础。     

A survey on modeling and control of thruster-assisted position mooring systems

This review presents a systematic summary of the state-of-the-art development of technological solutions, modeling, and control strategies of thruster-assisted position mooring (TAPM) systems. The survey serves as a starting point for exploring automatic control and real-time monitoring solutions proposed for TAPM systems. A brief historical background of the mooring systems is given. The kinematics and a simplified kinetic control-design model of a TAPM system are derived in accordance with established control methods, including a quasistatic linearized model for the restoring and damping forces based on low-frequency horizontal motions of the vessel. In addition, another two mooring line models, i.e., the catenary equation and the finite element method model, are presented for the purpose of higher-fidelity simulations. The basic TAPM control strategies are reviewed, including heading control, surge-sway damping, roll–pitch damping (for semisubmersibles), and line break detection and compensation. Details on the concepts of setpoint chasing for optimal positioning of a vessel at the equilibrium position are discussed based on balancing the mooring forces with the environmental loads and avoiding mooring line failure modes. One method for setpoint chasing is the use of a structural reliability index, accounting for both mean mooring line tensions and dynamic effects. Another method is the use of a lowpass filter on the position of the vessel itself, to provide a reference position. The most advanced method seems to be the use of a fault-tolerant control framework that, in addition to direct fault detection and isolation in the mooring system, incorporates minimization of either the low-frequency tensions in the mooring lines or minimization of the reliability indices for the mooring lines to select the optimal directions for the setpoint to move. A hybrid (or supervisory switching) control method is also presented, where a best-fit control law and observer law are automatically selected among a bank of control and observer algorithms based on the supervision of the sea-state and automatic switching logic.     

一起典型的拖船艏侧推故障分析

文章针对某拖船艏侧推装置出现的故障,经过理论分析和实际勘验排查,推断出伺服滑阀部件卡滞导致液压系统不通,进而变距系统失灵的结论。采取有效措施消除了故障,并提出了日常维护和故障排查方法的建议。