真空预压作用下竖井地基孔压消散研究

考虑竖井地基变形和渗流属于三维问题,提出真空预压作用下竖井地基的三维单井有限元计算方法。根据经典比奥固结理论,编制了可以考虑孔压、位移耦合的三维有限元程序。结合提出的三维单井有限元计算方法,应用该程序,分析某高速公路试验段在不同竖井间距、不同竖井打入深度下的孔压消散情况。分析表明:竖井地基的孔压消散规律为竖井间距越小,土体固结越快;竖井打入越深,下卧层孔压消散越快,处理区固结稍慢,但有利于整个土体固结。实际应用中竖井间距可取为1.0～1.5m,竖井应尽量打穿软土层,未穿时,可按5m影响深度考虑下卧层的固结。     

世纪大道原水管渠上部土方EPS置换施工

原水管渠是上海市全市人民的生命线 ,管渠的安全关系到全市的正常供水问题 ,所以一旦管渠发生异常 ,其影响是相当大的。本文通过世纪大道跨越原水管渠上部施工的实例分析 ,阐述了原水管渠上部土方 EPS(多孔聚苯乙烯 )置换施工。既使原水管渠得到了充分有效的保护 ,保证了原水管渠的正常供水 ,也使世纪大道设计总体构思得到体现 ,工程按质按期完成。EPS置换施工 ,引发了工程界的关注。     

驼峰调车场连挂区纵断面优化设计研究

驼峰连挂区的设计合理与否直接关系到车辆是否超速连挂以及产生天窗的数量,对驼峰作业的效率、能力和安全影响很大。鉴于目前对连挂区的设计仍存在问题,以难行车溜行距离尽可能远、减速顶数量尽可能少以及连挂区计算高度与理想高度的差值最小为目标函数,建立连挂区设计为三坡段的多目标优化模型。依据模型具有离散组合优化的特点,先确定坡度的组合方案集合,而后采用分析比选方法来寻求问题的最优解。通过计算分析,得出各坡段合理的坡度组合方案以及与坡段长度的最佳比例匹配关系。在既有驼峰设计规范的基础上,为进一步优化驼峰系统的设计提供理论依据。     

城市轨道交通隧道工程 地表竖向位移控制指标

通过对我国多个城市的轨道交通隧道工程的 92 个实测案例分析,研究隧道工程周边地表最大变形 的分布特点。根据线路部位、施工方法、断面形式、场 地土类型等方面的不同进行分类,对地表竖向位移的 实测结果进行数理统计分析,结合相关研究成果和技 术规范要求,给出地表竖向位移控制值的建议数值。 隧道工程周边地表竖向位移控制值的影响因素众多, 工程实际应深入开展相关研究,以提高隧道工程的安 全风险管控水平。     

印尼某趸船码头系泊方案研究

一般性散货码头通常采用散货船直接靠泊码头的作业方式。而对于趸船型散货码头,在散货船和码头之间还存在趸船作为过渡。这种情况下船舶荷载的计算以及缆绳力的响应特征需要综合考虑双船之间的相互作用机制,目前规范中对于趸船泊位靠泊计算尚缺少详细的条文说明,本文以印尼某趸船散货码头为例,借助OPTIMOOR软件,通过反应振幅算子方法分析趸船码头系泊布置方案,供类似工程参考。     

One-dimensional modelling of the plankton ecosystem of the north-western Corsican coastal area in relation to meteorological constraints

In order to study the influence of wind mixing on the spring variability of the plankton production of the north western Corsican coastal area, a one-dimensional (1D), vertical, coupled hydrodynamic/biological model (ECOHYDROMV) is used. A hydrodynamic 1D model of the water column with a k–l turbulent closure is applied. The biological model comprises six state variables, representing the plankton ecosystem in the spring period: phytoplankton, copepods, nitrate, ammonium, particulate organic matter of phytoplanktonic origin and particulate organic matter of zooplanktonic origin. The system is influenced by turbulence (expressed by the vertical eddy diffusivity), temperature and irradiance. The model takes into account momentum and heat surface fluxes computed from meteorological data in order to simulate a typical spring atmospheric forcing for the considered area. Results show that primary production vertical structure is characterised by a subsurface maximum which deepens with time and is regulated by the opposite gradients of nitrate concentration and irradiance. Surface plankton productivity is mainly controlled by turbulent vertical transport of nutrients into the mixed layer. The short time scale variability of turbulent mixing generated by the wind appears to be responsible for the plurimodal shape of plankton blooms, observed in the considered area. Furthermore, the model is applied to the study of the spring evolution of the plankton communities off the bay of Calvi (Corsica) for the years 1986 and 1988. In order to initiate and validate the model, time series of hydrological, chemical and biological data have been used. The model reproduces accurately the spring evolution of the phytoplankton biomass measured in situ and illustrates that its strong variability in those years was in close relation to the variability of the wind intensity.     

高低不平顺条件下高速铁路桥-隧过渡段路基的动力特性

基于D'Alembert原理的能量弱变分和整体Lagrange格式,建立了无碴轨道桥-隧过渡段半无限三维空间动力有限元计算模型,结合高速车辆振动的几何不平顺条件,采用一与不平顺管理标准相应的激振力来模拟列车高速移动的竖向动荷载.通过数值分析,研究了高速移动荷载和不平顺条件下桥-隧过渡段路基的动态响应,揭示了几何竖向上"凸"或下"凹"不平顺等因素对其路基变形、动应力及加速度的影响规律,并与部分实测资料进行了对比,证实了计算模型的正确性.合理选择"超高"填筑过渡段,能减小过渡段路基动态响应,其研究结果为高速铁路过渡段的设计与施工提供了重要基础.     

Lateral load transfer and normal forces estimation for vehicle safety: experimental test

Knowledge of vehicle dynamics data is important for vehicle control systems that aim to enhance vehicle handling and passenger safety. This study introduces observers that estimate lateral load transfer and wheel–ground contact normal forces, commonly known as vertical forces. The proposed method is based on the dynamic response of a vehicle instrumented with cheap and currently available standard sensors. The estimation process is separated into three blocks: the first block serves to identify the vehicle’s mass, the second block contains a linear observer whose main role is to estimate the roll angle and the one-side lateral transfer load, while in the third block we compare linear and nonlinear models for the estimation of four wheel vertical forces. The different observers are based on a prediction/estimation filter. The performance of this concept is tested and compared with real experimental data acquired using the INRETS-MA (Institut National de Recherche sur les Transports et leur Sécurité – Département Mécanismes d’Accidents) Laboratory car. Experimental results demonstrate the ability of this approach to provide accurate estimation, thus showing its potential as a practical low-cost solution for calculating normal forces.     

斜向水泥土桩加固路基室内模型试验研究

通过室内模型试验研究斜向水泥土桩加固技术的工作机理是一种比较有效的方法,在国内尚无先例。此次模型试验设计,主要考虑在线路荷载作用下路基本体的沉降变形相似和桩体材料的刚度相似两个方面出发,共设计了8组模型试验,通过模型试验研究了路基顶面沉降变化规律、路基边坡位移变形规律、路基土体内部竖向应力分布规律及水泥土桩体受力变形特征,得到了一系列有价值的结论。     

某重型越野汽车越障越壕能力分析

本文通过力学模型简化分解了汽车越障越壕的过程,以每个过程建立力学平衡方程进行了分析,计算出车辆的越障越壕能力。