板式无砟轨道交通引起的环境振动数值分析

利用已研究出的高速铁路动荷载,采用粘弹性边界,运用有限元法建立轨道-路基-大地二维动力分析模型,分析板式无砟轨道交通引起的振动在大地中的传播特性。计算分析表明:地表的振动强度随着离轨道中心线的距离增加而逐渐衰减。离轨道中心线近处,地表振动较强,而且加速度主要频段在20 Hz以上;离轨道中心线较远处,振动较小,加速度主要频段在10 Hz以下。随着离轨道中心距离的增加,加速度幅值随之减小,而且地表20 Hz以上的振动衰减得较快,10 Hz以下的振动衰减得较慢。     

模态试验分析对解决汽车振动问题的应用

针对某车辆在行驶试验时,在车速57 km/h时出现低频5.4 Hz的驾驶室异常振动的现象,振动形式为俯仰振动,人体乘坐舒适性主观感觉很差。先后采用多种常规振动分析试验方法对该车进行振动分析,也未能分析出引起驾驶室异常振动的原因。最后对该车的车架和驾驶室进行模态试验分析,分析判断得出该车在行驶时驾驶室异常振动的频率与车架整体一阶弯曲时的接近,由此判断该车驾驶室异常振动是由车架整体-阶弯曲引起的。根据试验分析结果,文章最后对某车问题的改进方案综合评价后提出了合理的改进方案。     

路面激励下的6700客车动力总成悬置系统性能分析

针对6700客车动力总成悬置系统在路面激励下的隔振性能进行了分析评估。建立了用于动力总成悬置系统性能分析的13自由度整车系统动力学模型,分析了系统的模态属性,重点讨论了考虑路面随机激励下的动力总成振动响应。对悬置系统隔振性能较差的问题进行了分析,找到了问题的主要原因是车架和悬置子系统存在沿Z向激励下的模态耦合。     

浅埋小净距大断面扩挖隧道爆破方案设计与爆破振动监测

以重庆机场路渝州隧道扩挖工程为研究对象,通过在隧道施工爆破过程中对邻近隧道、地表房屋等建筑物进行振动监测,应用萨道夫斯基经验公式对现场监测数据进行回归分析,确定爆破应力波在泥岩、砂岩中的传播衰减规律,进而控制不同目标、不同间距情况下每次最大起爆药量,以指导后续施工,保证邻近隧道、房屋等建筑物振动速度控制在安全范围内。     

The dynamic study of locomotives under saturated adhesion

In order to study the dynamic behaviours of locomotives under saturated adhesion, the stability and characteristics of stick–slip vibration are analysed using the concepts of mean and dynamic slip rates. The longitudinal vibration phenomenon of the wheelset when stick–slip occurs is put forward and its formation mechanism is made clear innovatively. The stick–slip vibration is a dynamic process between the stick and the slip states. The decreasing of mean and dynamic slip rates is conducive to its stability, which depends on the W/R adhesion damping. The torsion vibration of the driving system and the longitudinal vibration of the wheelset are coupled through the longitudinal tangential force when the wheelset alternates between the stick and the slip states. The longitudinal oscillation frequencies of the wheelset are integral multiples of the natural frequency of torsion vibration of the driving system. A train dynamic model integrated with an electromechanical and a control system is established to simulate the stick–slip vibration phenomenon under saturated adhesion to verify the theoretical analysis. The results show that increases of the longitudinal axle guidance stiffness and the motor suspension stiffness are beneficial to the stick–slip vibration stability and the locomotive's traction ability. The optimised matching of the longitudinal axle guidance stiffness and the motor suspension stiffness are helpful to avoid longitudinal resonance when the stick–slip vibration occurs.     

Engine mount optimisation for vibration isolation in motorcycles

This paper presents a comprehensive model to capture the in-plane dynamics of a motorcycle system to evaluate the quality of its vibration isolation, and the design of an engine mount system. The model consists of two main structural components, the frame and the swing-arm, as well as the power-train assembly, engine mounts connecting the power-train to the frame, and the front-end assembly. The model accounts for frame and swing-arm flexibility using reduced order finite-element models. The power-train assembly is modelled as a rigid body connected to the frame through the engine mounts and to the swing-arm through a shaft assembly. The engine mounts are modelled as tri-axial spring-damper systems, and the front-end assembly is modelled as a lumped mass. The complete vehicle model is used to solve the engine mount optimisation problem, so as to minimise the total force transmitted to the frame while meeting packaging and other constraints. The mount system parameters – stiffness, position and orientation vectors – are used as design variables for the optimisation problem. The imposed loads include forces and moments due to engine imbalance as well as loads transmitted due to high amplitude, low frequency bump loads, through the tyre patch. Since packaging constraints play a significant role in a motorcycle layout, it is, therefore, important to determine the displacement envelope of the power-train under extreme loading conditions to ensure clearance with other components around the power-train. A motorcycle mount system should ideally be able to isolate the frame under steady-state loading conditions and at the same time limit the maximum excursion of the power-train under transient loading conditions.     

钢管混凝土拱桥在移动车辆荷载作用下的振动分析

以某主跨110m的自锚式钢管混凝土中承桁架拱桥为对象,分析了该桥的自由振动特性和移动车辆荷载作用下主跨桥面系的振动特性。计算结果表明:采用单轴和双轴移动车辆模型计算出的桥面系振动特性差别不大;不同车速的移动车辆荷载引起桥面系的振动响应不同,车速快时,桥面系竖向振动的最大位移减小,竖向振动的最大速度和加速度增加。     

强迫振动法结构模态参数识别

通过激励结构振动的方法,可以采集到结构的强迫振动时程。再对强迫振动时程采用随机减量法提取自由振动信号,并进行ITD识别,即可得到结构的模态参数。对随机减量技术与ITD识别技术的基本原理进行了介绍,并给出了一个实测信号的识别实例。     

四川绵阳安昌河人行景观桥的横向振动与动力设计

随着人行桥跨度的不断增大以及对桥梁美学和城市景观的追求,人行桥的基频不断降低,其振动及带来的行走舒适性问题也相继日益突出。结合一梁拱组合体系的人行景观桥,对人行桥人致振动的理论及动力设计方法进行探讨。     

体外预应力索自由长度分析

转向块(锚固端)间的体外预应力索可能产生独立于梁的振动,若其频率与梁的固有频率接近,就可能发生共振。当频率相近时,改变梁的截面特性或体外索的正常使用应力都不是好的解决办法,而通过改变体外索的约束长度来改变其固有频率,在经济、效果及可行性方面,都不失为一个理想的方法。体外索的无侧向支承的自由长度不应过大,根据常见桥梁频率和我国钢绞线的使用情况,体外索可控制在12m之内,这样桥梁和体外索的自振频率就相互错开,也就避免了共振问题。