机车自动驾驶系统模式切换策略研究

受铁路基础装备技术和国内复杂运用环境限制,机车自动驾驶系统仍需在有人值守的情况下工作,所以应有完善的自动驾驶系统模式切换策略来界定值守人员和自动驾驶的权限边界。以机车运行安全为原则,基于列车纵向动力学分析动态切换时列车的平稳性,阐述了机车自动驾驶系统的模式切换策略,该策略已经运用于机车自动驾驶实际应用中。大量实践案例证明,提出的机车自动驾驶模式切换策略能够有效保证机车控制权模式切换过程中列车的安全、平稳运行,取得了良好的运行效果。     

边界控制方法在DVR样机研制中的应用

动态电压恢复器（DVR）可在供电电压发生电压下陷时维持负载电压稳定,以保护敏感负载。由于在正常电力系统中,电压下陷故障出现的频率相对不高,使得DVR的利用率较低。将一种基于二阶开关平面理论的边界控制器应用于DVR系统,使其既可用于电压下陷补偿又能用于稳态下电压电能质量控制,大大提高了设备利用率。通过预测DVR逆变器的某次开关动作后,其系统状态矢量的运动轨迹可得到上述二阶开关平面。将该平面作为状态轨迹沿理想开关平面运动的上界,可约束轨迹使其趋向理想工作点。为考察其动态特性,应用上述控制器的DVR样机针对源端谐波畸变和伴有畸变的下陷电压波形进行了补偿试验。结果证实上述边界控制方案可获得优于其它一些控制策略的谐波补偿效果。     

A model-based traction control strategy non-reliant on wheel slip information

A traction control system (TCS) for two-wheel-drive vehicles can conveniently be realised by means of slip control. Such a TCS is modified in this paper in order to be applicable to four-wheel-drive vehicles and anti-lock braking systems, where slip information is not readily available. A reference vehicle model is used to estimate the vehicle velocity. The reference model is excited by a saw-tooth signal in order to adapt the slip for maximum tyre traction performance. The model-based TCS is made robust to vehicle modelling errors by extending it with (i) a superimposed loop of tyre static curve gradient control or (ii) a robust switching controller based on a bi-directional saw-tooth excitation signal. The proposed traction control strategies are verified by experiments and computer simulations.     

基于CarSim自适应巡航控制建模与仿真

文章首先利用模糊法则建立能够反映驾驶员反应时间的隶属度函数,并根据制动过程理论建立安全距离模型,通过安全距离模型建立期望加速度模型。然后分别建立加速和制动模型,在此基础上制定控制模式转换策略,基于PID算法设计巡航控制器。最后在Matlab/Simulink和CarSim联合仿真环境中验证所设计的控制系统的有效性。     

变流技术应用试验室试验电源系统设计分析

详细分析了变流技术应用试验室试验电源系统的设计方案，阐明了交流调压器与感应调压器配合调压方案的优越性，并给出了实际运行波形。     

基于软交换技术的舰船语音通信系统设计分析

为解决传统舰船语音通信系统的缺点,更好地融合舰船的多个网络,引入下一代网络技术——软交换技术,设计构建舰船语音通信系统,分析研究舰船语音通信系统体系结构、接入设备方案等关键技术,探讨将传统话音业务与传统数据业务合二为一,实现低成本的IP话音和IP数据服务的方案。     

电机软开关逆变控制系统的设计与实现

传统的逆变器开关管工作在硬开关状态下,存在诸多的弊端,克服这些缺点的有效方法是软开关技术.将一种新型的直流环节并联谐振软开关逆变器应用于基于CAN通信的交流电机调速系统中,组成了交流电机软开关逆变控制系统,阐述了其原理、拓扑及特点.在系统中,上位机(PC)通过CAN总线与下位机(TMS320 LF2407)实时通信,下位机通过SVPWM控制逆变器.使用LabWindows/CVI 6.0开发了控制软件,通过实验,对硬开关和软开关条件下电机的运行性能进行了对比,证明软开关技术具有明显的优势.     

基于CFD的船用相继增压柴油机切换点燃烧过程对比研究

利用STAR-CD和GT-Power软件对相继增压柴油机在切换点工况下一台增压器工作(1TC)和两台增压器均工作(2TC)的喷雾、燃烧过程进行了多维瞬态对比研究,通过计算得到了1TC和2TC的缸内气体流场、湍动能、温度场等信息.燃烧过程对比研究表明:相继增压柴油机在切换点工况,1TC的进气量充足,燃空当量比小,缸内燃烧情况更加平稳,因此1TC的缸内平均压力高于2TC,缸内平均温度低于2TC.     

船用柴油机相继增压气动蝶阀切换时间研究

建立柴油机相继增压蝶阀气动控制系统的物理模型,并应用气压传动系统动力学理论建立蝶阀控制系统数学模型;然后利用MATLAB/Simulink编制的仿真程序对蝶阀转换过程进行仿真计算,结果得出了影响蝶阀切换时间的主要因素及影响规律;最后搭建了蝶阀气动控制系统的试验台,通过试验结果和仿真结果的对比,验证了仿真结果的可靠性;为深入了解蝶阀控制系统的特性提供了理论依据.     

Commuters’ behavior towards upgraded bus services in Greater Beirut: Implications for greenhouse gas emissions,social welfare and transport policy

Climate change is one of the most critical environmental challenges faced in the world today. The transportation sector alone contributes to 22% of carbon emissions, of which 80% are contributed by road transportation. In this paper we investigate the potential private car greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reduction and social welfare gains resulting from upgrading the bus service in the Greater Beirut Area. To this end, a stated preference (SP) survey on mode switching from private car to bus was conducted in this area and analyzed by means of a mixed logit model. We then used the model outputs to simulate aggregate switching behavior in the study area and the attendant welfare and environmental gains and private car GHG emissions reductions under various alternative scenarios of bus service upgrade. We recommend a bundle of realistic bus service improvements in the short term that will result in a reasonable shift to buses and measurable reduction in private car emissions. We argue that such improvements will need to be comprehensive in scope and include both improvements in bus level of service attributes (access/egress time, headway, in-vehicle travel time, and number of transfers) and the provision of amenities, including air-conditioning and Wi-Fi. Moreover, such a service needs to be cheaply priced to achieve reasonably high levels of switching behavior. With a comprehensively overhauled bus service, one would expect that bus ridership would increase for commuting purposes at first, and once the habit for it is formed, for travel purposes other than commuting, hence dramatically broadening the scope of private car GHG emissions reduction. This said, this study demonstrates the limits of focused sectorial policies in targeting and reducing private car GHG emissions, and highlights the need for combining behavioral interventions with other measures, most notably technological innovations, in order for the contribution of this sector to GHG emissions mitigation to be sizable.