Improving maritime inventory routing: application to a Brazilian petroleum case

The crude oil offloading and supply problem (COSP) is a type of operation maritime inventory routing (MIR) problem encountered by petroleum companies. In COSP, the company not only is responsible for the ship scheduling to carry the crude oil from production sites to discharge ports but also must maintain inventory levels at both ports (production and consumption) between safety operational bounds to avoid disruptions in its crude oil production and/or refining processes. We show how to improve significantly the decision-making process in a Brazilian petroleum company using a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model to represent COSP. Comparison tests with a current ship-scheduling method adopted in the company indicated that the use of the MILP model increased the transportation efficiency and reduced costs by 20% on average. In addition to the quantitative gains, the use of a MILP model to solve COSP has succeeded when encountering real-life events, such as variation in production or consumption rates, berth unavailability, and changes in the storage capacities at ports.     

沥青路面基层与面层局部粘结失效的受力分析

采用ANSYS通用计算软件,考虑不同的粘结状态,对沥青路面基层和面层间局部粘结状态变化时,各层底面的最大主应力和最大剪应力的变化情况进行计算。结果表明:当车轮荷载作用在粘结状态变化区域时,上面层和下面层底面的最大主拉应力随粘结的失效显著增加,中面层底面的最大主拉应力和各层底面的最大剪应力受粘结状态变化的影响较小;当车轮荷载作用在粘结状态完好区域边缘时,各面层底面将产生较大的剪应力,但最大剪应力受粘结状态变化的影响较小。     

舵系锥轴锥孔连接受力分析

通过对船舶航行工况条件下锥面连接的受力分析,得出锥面连接的表面接触比压与其能传递的轴向摩擦力和摩擦扭矩关系的计算公式;并对压入安装工况条件下锥面连接的受力分析,得出装配时压入力与接触比压关系的计算公式。通过实例计算,证明该计算方法是可行的。     

Evaluating the effects of bus design on passenger flow: Is agent-based simulation a feasible approach?

In this paper, we propose an agent-based simulation approach that is capable of simulating the flow of passengers on board buses and at bus stops. The intention is that it will be applied during vehicle development to analyze how vehicle design affects passenger flow, and thus also how it affects system performance such as dwell time. In turn, this could aid the developers in making design decisions early in the development process. Besides introducing the simulation tool itself, the paper explores the realism of the data generated by the tool. A number of passenger flow experiments featuring a full-scale bus mockup and 50 participants were carried out. The setup of these experiments mirrored a number of ‘bus journeys’ (regarding vehicle design, number of passengers boarding/alighting at each stop and so on) that had previously been simulated using the simulation tool. When the data from the simulations were compared with the data from the passenger flow experiments, it could be concluded that the tool is indeed able to generate realistic passenger flows, although with some errors when a large number of passengers board/alight. The simulated dwell times were rationally affected by the tested bus layout aspects. It was concluded that the tool makes it possible to evaluate how variations in bus layouts affect passenger flow, providing data of sufficiently high quality to be useful in early phases of vehicle design.     

信号采样理论在交通流检测点布设中的应用

在对交通流检测点布设领域研究应用现状进行分析与抽象的基础上,提出交通流检测点布设本质上属于空间交通流信号采样问题。依据信号采样理论,建立了确定检测点间距或密度的方法与流程,该流程包括空间交通流信号产生、离散傅里叶变换、频谱分析、间距确定、误差分析5个步骤。对高速公路拥挤状态下的仿真分析表明:100 m的检测点间距可以满足对拥挤交通流状态的真实检测,该数值接近于实际应用中的最小值(125 m),说明该理论方法具有较好的实用性。     

多孔混凝土基层缩缝处沥青面层应力分析

为了研究多孔混凝土基层沥青路面的结构设计方法,通过三维有限元数值分析方法,建立多孔混凝土基层缩缝处沥青路面的三维有限元模型,分析多孔混凝土基层缩缝处沥青面层的荷载应力、温度应力、荷载与温度耦合作用下的耦合应力。结果表明：基层缩缝处沥青面层底面荷载主应力多为压应力值,但其剪应力在接缝处出现峰值;在温度作用下,沥青面层应力峰值点的位置在基层缩缝中点处沥青面层的底面及表面;荷载和温度耦合作用下基层缩缝中点处沥青面层底面的第一主应力介于荷载应力和温度应力之间。     

渗流作用下利用有限元强度折减法的边坡稳定性分析

应用ADINA程序分析了天然情况下边坡的稳定性,得到了安全系数和滑面的位置,并与ANSYS以及传统条分法GEO-SLOPE程序的计算结果进行了对比;在渗流作用下,基于渗流方程和温度方程的原理,把温度场所对应的温度荷载转化为孔隙水压力荷载施加在稳定性分析的计算模型上,对边坡进行了稳定性分析。结果表明,采用该方法计算得到的安全系数与采用传统极限平衡法计算得到的安全系数相比,两者之间的误差在3%以内,说明利用温度场进行渗流计算,再采用有限元强度折减法来进行边坡的稳定性分析是可行的。     

基于粗集料表面纹理特性的沥青混合料性能研究

目前缺乏对集料表面纹理的直接定量测量和评定方法，基于光纤传感法设计了激光轮廓仪，直接测量了7种不同粗集料的表面纹理，应用算术平均偏差Ra对集料表面纹理进行了定量评定，并对集料表面纹理的粗糙度进行了简单的分类，最后通过沥青混合料力学性能试验对测量和评定结果进行了验证。结果表明，采用激光轮廓仪能够直接、准确地测量集料表面纹理；算术平均偏差对集料表面纹理的评定是合理有效的；其他条件相同的情况下，粗集料表面纹理的R值越大，沥青混合料的高温稳定性、水稳定性和低潭抗裂性能越好.