基于多层次模型的波函数法在凹域问题应用研究

波函数法（Wave Based Method，WBM）是近年来发展的基于间接 Trefftz 理论的结构—声辐射中频问题的一种重要方法。 WBM 函数收敛的充要条件是分析域为凸域。为提高使用 WBM 理论的应用范围和应用效率，根据多层次模型，提出了补域概念用于解决凹域问题。最后，以一个周边简支矩形薄板为例进行验证数值，计算结果表明了方法准确性和有效性。     

“桥建合一”型地铁高架车站振动舒适度研究

"桥建合一"型地铁高架车站的轨道梁刚接在站房结构框架梁上,存在严重的车致振动舒适度问题。为了研究列车过站时"桥建合一"型地铁高架车站的振动舒适度规律,以某典型侧式"桥建合一"型地铁高架车站为研究对象,采用数值计算软件Matlab建立27自由度列车模型,采用有限元软件Ansys建立车站有限元模型,基于分离迭代法实现列车-车站的耦合作用,并对比实测数据验证列车-车站耦合振动分析模型的准确性。采用已验证的列车-车站耦合振动分析模型计算列车到发站时站房的振动舒适度敏感点,并研究列车车速、楼板厚度和桥墩跨度参数对站房振动舒适度的影响。研究结果表明:"桥建合一"型地铁高架车站的结构动力特性具有特殊性,典型楼板的1阶竖弯频率为28.91 Hz,是高铁客运站的4.7~7.7倍;站厅层振动舒适度敏感点位于结构缝附近和车站端部悬挑区域,列车到站时站厅层振动超标最大为32%;站房的车致振动相应总体上随列车车速的增加而增大,列车正线过站时60~80 km/h速度区间与列车会车过站时20~40 km/h和60~80 km/h速度区间的楼板振动增幅较为显著;楼板的车致振动在其自振频率附近会产生"共振效应",楼板厚度参数对楼板自制频率的影响较小,桥墩跨度参数对楼板自振频率的影响较大,合理设计桥墩跨度可以有效避免楼板产生"共振效应"。     

Fracture mechanics analysis for mooring chain links subjected to out-of-plane bending (OPB)

A fracture mechanics (FM) based investigation on the mechanism of out-of-plane bending (OPB) between mooring chain links and its effects on fatigue lives of mooring chain links are conducted. Four types of OPB problems that mooring chain links laying on the chain wheel, chain links passing over the bending shoe, chain links constraint provided by the chain hawse, and chain links constraint provided by the chain stopper are considered. Tension ranges of mooring lines are calculated based on the combined loading process induced by the motions of wave frequency (WF) and low frequency (LF). Initial cracks are assumed to propagate from surfaces of chain links and stress intensity factors are calculated in terms of stress ranges determined by a finite element (FE) analysis. The results show that fatigue lives of mooring chain links are decreased significantly due to OPB effects. In addition, the increase of the number of pockets of chain wheel mitigates OPB effects on fatigue lives of mooring chain links laying on the chain wheel, and the increase of the track diameter would reduce OPB effects on fatigue lives of mooring chain links passing over the bending shoe as well. However, for chain links constraint provided by the chain hawse, the diameter of mooring chain hawse has no significant effect on fatigue lives of the mooring chain links subject to OPB if without the abrupt change of the contact conditions between chain links and chain hawse. For mooring links constraint provided by chain stoppers considering the effect of proof loading test, fatigue lives of mooring chain links would drop significantly with the increase of interlink angles and friction coefficient.     

MARK III 型LNG模拟舱结构安全评估及优化设计研究

液化天然气（Liquefied Natural Gas）运输船的建造技术复杂，货物维护系统（Cargo Containment System） 种类繁多，船上 LNG 常采用低温高压的储藏方式，该方式对储舱结构强度以及货物维护系统的 变形要求非常高。本文采用有限元方法， 对根据行业规范设计的 MARK III 型 LNG 模拟舱结构进行结构 强度安全性评估，并在满足 LNG 模拟舱结构承载能力要求的基础上，对 MARK III 型 LNG 模拟舱进行结 构优化设计研究，为今后 MARK III 型 LNG 运输船的船体结构设计和优化提供可靠的技术支撑。     

Towards data-driven car-following models

Car following models have been studied with many diverse approaches for decades. Nowadays, technological advances have significantly improved our traffic data collection capabilities. Conventional car following models rely on mathematical formulas and are derived from traffic flow theory; a property that often makes them more restrictive. On the other hand, data-driven approaches are more flexible and allow the incorporation of additional information to the model; however, they may not provide as much insight into traffic flow theory as the traditional models. In this research, an innovative methodological framework based on a data-driven approach is proposed for the estimation of car-following models, suitable for incorporation into microscopic traffic simulation models. An existing technique, i.e. locally weighted regression (loess), is defined through an optimization problem and is employed in a novel way. The proposed methodology is demonstrated using data collected from a sequence of instrumented vehicles in Naples, Italy. Gipps’ model, one of the most extensively used car-following models, is calibrated against the same data and used as a reference benchmark. Optimization issues are raised in both cases. The obtained results suggest that data-driven car-following models could be a promising research direction.     

Port-city exhaust emission model: An application to cruise and ferry operations in Las Palmas Port

Exhaust emissions cause air pollution and climate change. The exhausts of shipboard fuel combustion are equally damaging particularly, so close to the environmentally sensitive mainland and island coasts, as well as at ports due to their urbanized character. This paper estimates, for the first time, exhaust pollutants related to cruise and ferry operations in Las Palmas Port and, in an island context. Emission assessment is based on a full bottom-up model and messages transmitted by the Automatic Identification System during 2011. Results are described as a breakdown of NOx, SOx, PM_2.5, CO and CO₂, according to ship classes, operative type and time, providing valuable information to environmental policy makers in port-city areas and islands under similar conditions. It is generally concluded that vessel traffic and passenger shipping in particular are a source of air pollution in Las Palmas Port. Emission maps confirm location of hot spots in quays assigned for cruise and ferry operations. Policy recommendations encourage regular monitoring of exhaust emissions and market-based incentives supported by details on polluting and operative profiles. On the other hand, feasibility studies are suggested for automated mooring, LNG bunkering facilities and also shore-side energy services, prioritizing berthing of shipping sectors (or sub-sectors) with the highest share of exhaust emissions once their local effects have been confirmed by a dispersion, exposure and impact assessment.     

驾驶人“感知-决策-操控”行为模型

为准确模拟驾驶人跟车行为，提出基于隐马尔可夫模型(Hidden Markov Model，HMM)的驾驶人“感知-决策-操控”行为模型。建立描述驾驶意愿的HMM模型，模拟驾驶人感知过程，获得期望的车间距；预测模块模拟驾驶人根据交通环境和自身生理、心理状态预测车辆未来轨迹，即决策过程；优化模块描述驾驶人为使预测的车辆轨迹跟踪上期望的车辆间距而采取的操控汽车的执行动作，即操控过程。上述3个模块的滚动过程实现了对驾驶人跟车行为的模拟。利用自然驾驶数据进行算例分析，结果表明，本文模型预测车间距平均误差仅为1.47%，证明了所建模型的有效性及准确性。本文为驾驶行为建模方法的理论研究和应用拓宽了思路。     

基于CATIA平台的三维集装箱导轨设计

在集装箱导轨设计中,存在着导轨需要安装的结构剖面多,不同剖面中连接肘板布置复杂,连接肘板种类繁多,重量统计繁琐等问题。该文基于计算机辅助三维交互应用(CATIA)平台,提出一种集装箱导轨的三维设计方法,利用CATIA的知识工程、参数化设计、统一装配等功能,有效提升了设计效率,使设计更加智能化,降低了后期修改工作量。     

聚氨酯夹层板舱口盖振动特性研究

聚氨酯夹层板(SPS)因其出色的力学性能、减振降噪特性等在船舶建造领域得到了广泛应用。以船舶轻量化、高性能设计为目标,以64000DWT散货船钢制舱口盖为替代目标,采用聚氨酯夹层板设计新型舱口盖结构,基于有限元软件Ansys Workbench开展SPS舱口盖结构振动特性分析,研究其模态振型、谐响应和随机振动。通过与钢制舱口盖振动特性的对比研究,论证了聚氨酯夹层板在船舶减重和结构减振方面的优势与前景。研究结果表明:SPS舱口盖设计方案,在实现整体减重12%的情况下,使谐响应振幅降低75%;在1σ区域内,使随机振动的位移、应力响应分别降低了63.4%和76.1%。研究结果可以为船舶结构轻量化设计、舒适性改善等提供参考。     

On the fluid-structure response of elastic-plastic ship sides subjected to impact loads

This paper presents a simplified numerical model capable of analysing the interaction between the structural dynamic response of elastic-plastic struck plate wall of a fluid tank subjected to wedge impact and the resulting fluid motion. The Variational Finite Difference Method (VFDM) is applied to analyse the structural dynamics of the struck plate and 2-D linear potential flow theory is used to study the resulting fluid motion and its effects on the structural dynamics of the struck plate. Experiments of a wedge indenter impacting with both empty and 90% filled tanks are carried out to study the structural deformation of the struck plate. The accuracy of the developed numerical model is validated with published results and experimental results, and good agreement is achieved. Through the comparison of the impact behaviour of empty and partially filled water tank, it is found that the resulting water motion helps to reduce the structural deformation of the struck plate since part of the impact energy is dissipated by the resulting water motion. Parametric studies are performed to investigate the effect of impact velocity and water level on the structural dynamics of the struck plate of a partially filled water tank. A case study is also conducted to demonstrate the potential application of the proposed method in analysing ship-ice impact problems.