圆弧型丁坝产生的卡门涡与坝后冲刷的关系*

通过水槽试验,结合理论分析,探讨了圆弧型丁坝产生卡门涡的机理及坝后冲刷的原因,并进一步分析了卡门涡与坝后冲刷的关系。在卡门涡中心形成的低压区将泥沙吸入其中心,是坝下冲刷的主要原因之一。卡门涡边缘的线速度和来流速度的合成速度与坝后泥沙起动速度的关系,决定了坝后冲刷区和淤积区的分布。     

舰船双绞线电缆耦合影响预测与仿真

针对舰船工程中的电缆耦合问题,着重探讨双绞线电缆的电磁耦合影响.提出了双绞线电缆单位长度的分布参数模型,分析了容性耦合与感性耦合的影响,并由此建立了双绞线电缆的电磁耦合数值预测模型.仿真结果表明,在非平衡终端情况下,双绞线能够显著减小感性耦合;通过平衡双绞线的终端,能够消除容性耦合.     

The simulation of in-plane tyre modal behaviour: a broad modal range comparison between analytical and discretised modelling approaches

In-plane tyre modal behaviour determines the response of tyres to ride excitations and braking/traction manoeuvres. In many studies, the interest is limited to relatively low frequencies and a detailed investigation into the ability of models to accurately simulate higher-order responses is unnecessary. In cases where an in-plane model is to be used for the generation of the contact deformation and stresses, or where modal reduction methods are implemented, a detailed knowledge of the modal response is desirable. The present work forms a study on the ability of a number of frequently used modelling approaches to generate realistic modal data throughout a wide frequency range. The analytical ring on elastic foundation model is used as a benchmark throughout the paper. Its predictions are compared with those of two discretised models, namely a truss- and a beam-based model. The sensitivity of the ring’s response to a number of physical parameters is discussed. The results are used to inform the comparison between the analytical ring and the discretised models, providing explanations for any discrepancies observed. The limited applicability of the truss model is pointed out, while the accuracy of the beam-based model is enhanced by a circumferential inextensible string element. Both the ring and the enhanced beam models are further improved with the addition of a nonlinear string-based sidewall that accounts for the change in sidewall stiffness with inflation pressure. The findings may offer a reference when setting up in-plane models, including the stage of planning modal tests for parameter identification.     

Determining the hydrodynamic forces on a planing hull in steady motion

A combination of methods was developed that can determine hydrodynamic forces on a planing hull in steady motion. Firstly, a potential-based boundary-element method was used to calculate the hydrodynamic pressure, induced resistance and lift. Then the frictional resistance component was determined by the viscous boundary layer theory. Finally, a particular empirical technique was applied, to determine the region of upwash geometry and determine spray resistance. Case studies involving four models of Series 62 planing craft were run. These showed that the suggested method is efficient and capable, with results that are in good agreement with experimental measurements over a wide range of volumetric Froude numbers.     

Prediction of tip vortex cavitation inception using coupled spherical and nonspherical bubble models and Navier–Stokes computations

A spherical and a nonspherical bubble dynamics models were developed to study cavitation inception, scaling, and dynamics in a vortex flow. The spherical model is a modified Rayleigh–Plesset model to account for bubble slip velocity and for nonuniform pressures around the bubble. The nonspherical model is embedded in an unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes code with appropriate free-surface boundary conditions and a moving chimera grid scheme around the bubble. The effect of nonspherical deformation and bubble/flow interaction on bubble dynamics is illustrated by comparing spherical and nonspherical models. It is shown that nonspherical deformations and bubble/flow interactions are important for an accurate prediction of cavitation inception. The surface-averaged pressure-modified Rayleigh–Plesset scheme is a significant improvement over the conventional spherical model, and is able to capture the volume changes of a bubble during its capture. It is also a fast scheme for studying scaling. In a preliminary study, the scaling effects on cavitation inception were examined using two different Reynolds numbers owing to two different chord lengths. The nuclei-size effect on the prediction of cavitation inception was also studied, and its important effects are highlighted.     

MSS62.5移动模架造桥机风洞试验及抗风分析

针对目前国内外对移动模架造桥机的抗风性能研究较少这一现状，基于珠江黄埔大桥MSS62．5移动模架造桥机在实际工作中3种最不利状态进行的风洞试验研究，得出其在均匀流场中的涡振、颤振均未发生．给出其抖振振幅随风速改变的变化规律。为移动模架造桥机施工过程中抗风安全性提供了理论保障．可为其他大型移动模架造桥机抗风特性提供参考。     

高速公路沥青路面水损害部分原因分析

路面早期产生的大量水损害已经严重影响到路面的使用性能。通过室外观察及室内实验模拟比较,发现粗集料表面附着的粉尘对粗集料与沥青的粘附性等级至少会因此降低1级,从而诱发早期水损害的产生;回收粉的使用将大大降低沥青混合料的水稳定性,也会增大沥青路面发生早期水损害;标准密度的选取在很大程度上决定沥青混凝土路面的实际空隙率。经过分析,认为应该采用最佳沥青用量对应的理论密度作为标准密度,这样才可以有效控制路面的实际空隙率。     

补钙预防妊高征及对血小板细胞内游离钙浓度的影响

目的　研究补钙对妊高征的预防作用。方法　对 88例有妊高征倾向的孕妇 (随机分为 3组 )自妊娠 2 0～ 2 4周起采用口服不同剂量的钙尔奇 - D(6 0 0 mg、12 0 0 mg)及对照的前瞻性研究 ,用荧光分光光度计测定口服钙前后的血小板游离钙离子浓度 ,并观察妊高征的发生率。结果　经补钙 6 0 0 mg后妊高征发生率 (17.2 4 % )较对照组降低 ,补钙 12 0 0 mg后 ,其妊高征发生率 (6 .90 % )明显低于对照组(2 6 .6 7% ) (P <0 .0 5) ;补钙两组血小板游离钙离子浓度与对照组相比明显降低 (P <0 .0 5)。结论　补充一定量的钙剂可降低血小板游离钙离子浓度 ,对有妊高征倾向的高危孕妇可预防妊高征的发生。     

集装箱船整船有限元结构分析

文章以一艘１７００箱集装箱船为例,阐述了整船有限元结构分析方法。先建立全船有限元模型和质量模型,再用三维流体动力计算程序进行波浪随机载荷的长期预报,并在此基础上导出设计波参数组,最后,在全船有限元模型上 计算得出船体结构在各个设计波上的应力分布和变形结果,所得到的船体结构有限元分析结果对同类型集装箱船的设计和强度分析有一定的参考价值,对其它类型的船舶结构强度分析也有一定的借鉴意义。     

涡产生器强化圆管管片式换热器传热数值分析

涡产生器式管片式换热器有着不同于传统管片式换热器的强化传热机理,其结构简单,强化传热效果明显.用数值方法分析了涡产生器式圆管管片式换热板芯单个圆管翅片区域内的传热与阻力性能.计算结构根据某实际换热器结构放大确定,计算时选取Re范围为100～30 000.分析了平直翅片与涡产生器翅片传热单元局部及平均传热特性.单根圆管翅片单元有两个低换热区,涡产生器可增强圆管尾部的换热.两种换热板芯的传热能力均虽Re的增加而提高,在中等Re范围内,涡产生器可使传热有较大提高,而阻力增加较小.