船舶电解海水法的压载水处理系统

结合中海48000载重吨成品油／原油船“荣池”号的设计经验,对电解海水法的压载水处理系统首次在油船上使用时所面临的关键技术问题予以归纳分析,对今后相关系统的设计有较好的借鉴作用。     

贺江航道通航水深问题研究

建立了贺江白沙至江口区段航道一维河网数学模型,采用该模型对贺江航道进行模拟分析,深入研究了水库不同调度条件下贺江航道断面水深问题.计算结果表明,贺江航道自白沙至江口区段的整体状况良好,只有在枯水期和中水期工况下在都平闸下存在不满足通航要求的区段,并且距离短、易整治.最后给出了不符合航道设计尺度要求的断面区间及其断面类型,对整体的贺江模型模拟计算结果进行了分析,提出了整治意见.     

船坞工程水下抛石基床升浆止水施工技术

水下升浆混凝土施工技术大大降低了临时围堰工程造价,为岩石地基条件下建造船坞及码头工程时预制钢筋混凝土沉箱的成功和广泛应用提供了可能。结合大型船坞工程水下抛石基床临时止水施工案例,对升浆混凝土临时止水的技术特点、工法程序、施工要点及质量控制内容等进行了叙述和分析,对于升浆施工过程中可能出现的技术问题给出了指导性建议。水下升浆混凝土施工技术有自己独特的工法,具有经济、方便、快速和安全的施工特点,可在同类工程中推广应用。     

黄沙洋水道末梢浅水槽建港工程潮流数值模拟与泥沙淤积计算

为研究有关潮汐通道浅水槽建港问题,以辐射沙脊群黄沙洋水道末端的条渔港为例,首先,进行了自然条件分析;其次,构建二维水动力数学模型,根据实测资料对水动力模型进行验证,并对工程前后整体海区的潮流流态、特征点横流大小进行了分析;最后,应用泥沙经验公式计算条渔港区港池及航道的年回淤量。以上数据可为港区方案设计提供科学依据。     

Use of GIS-Based Models for Integrating and Developing Marine Fish Cages within the Tourism Industry in Tenerife (Canary Islands)

Site selection is a key factor in any aquaculture operation, affecting both success and sustainability. Moreover, it can solve conflicts between different coastal activities, making a rational use of the coastal space. Geographical information systems (GIS) have become of increased significance for environmental planning and assessment mainly because of the need to compare a great number of spatially related data, and because it can be used to couple these spatial data with their attributes and overlay them. This study used GIS and related technology to build a spatial database using those criteria which were considered to have any influence in integrating marine fish-cage culture within the tourism industry in Tenerife. Criteria were grouped in three submodels (distance to beaches, nautical sports, and viewshed), which were combined to generate a final output showing the most suitable areas for cage culture development in coexistence with tourism. Most areas of the coastline of Tenerife were identified as being suitable (56%) or very suitable (46%), suggesting that marine cage aquaculture could be developed on the island in coexistence with the well-established tourism industry.     

An Economic Approach to Allocating River Water to Estuaries in South Africa

Estuaries are last in line as a recipient of river water and for this reason they are particularly vulnerable to negative environmental impacts due to water scarcity and pollution. They only receive the runoff that has not been abstracted or prevented from reaching rivers. When this runoff is substantially reduced their functionality is undermined and they often become less attractive for recreational use. This article explores some aspects entailed in efficiently managing the allocation of water to estuaries problem and some associated problems. It is shown that efficient management requires the marginal social costs of the inflows to be brought into equivalence with the marginal social values of the inflows, and these values may be estimated, but that there are the challenges in this estimation and in linking these estimates to the welfare of the people in whom the managers of river systems are (presumed to be) interested.     

长江下游通州沙河段洪枯季水沙特性观测分析*

为增进对长江下游通州沙河段暗沙、浅滩滩面水沙特性及近底泥沙运移现状的认识,首次在该河段引入坐底式 综合观测系统,通过各型自动水沙观测仪器获取通州沙河段洲滩及主槽的洪枯季近底层水沙运动过程并展开分析。实测数 据表明：该河段落潮水动力＞涨潮;涨潮动力深槽≥高滩＞低滩,落潮动力深槽≥低滩＞高滩,大潮＞中潮＞小潮;水流 旋转性则表现为低滩＞高滩＞深槽;且水动力与潮差间有较好的线性相关关系,相关系数基本均大于0.9;近底悬沙含沙量 表现为落潮＞涨潮,大潮＞中潮＞小潮,深槽＞低滩＞高滩,洪季为枯季的1.5～2倍,该河段枯季期间近底悬沙含沙量与 水动力因子v2/(gh)的线性相关系数为0.5左右,洪季在0.6～0.7,据此建立的输沙能力公式可用于该河段浅滩及深槽的近底层 悬沙输沙能力推算。     

水运工程地基CAD软件研发与应用

介绍了依据JTS 147-1—2010《港口工程地基规范》研发的“易工水运工程地基CAD软件 V1.0”的主要功能、界 面、开发原理和主要模块的算例。软件主要针对水运工程的边坡稳定问题,考虑了港口工程中常用的地基处理方法,可模 拟软基条件下边坡的分级加载工况,并具备渗流场计算分析功能。     

万州晒网坝滑坡变形机理及稳定性规律跟踪研究

针对万州晒网坝滑坡地质勘查与长期监测滑移趋势不一致的现状,进行滑移机理跟踪,并通过物探验证跟踪结论。研究了135～175 m范围变化库水位及24 h强降水对该滑坡稳定性的影响,揭示了真实滑移面地质状况,纠正了地勘存在的不足,同时分析了滑移破坏机理。结果表明:该滑坡整体稳定、局部缓慢滑移;并提出了埋入式抗滑桩、裂隙封闭及地表排水的维护方案。     

北江千吨级航道整治研究：Ⅱ二维数学模型与整治河段通航水流条件分析

基于有限体积方法,建立平面二维水流数学模型,对北江白石窑枢纽坝下19km航道整治工程进行数值研究．运用实测水文资料对模型进行验证．验证结果表明：该模型精度符合规范要求．计算了整治工程实施前、后白石窑坝下游河段通航水流特性,分析了各级恒定流和非恒定流作用下整治工程对坝下游河段通航水流条件的影响．研究结果表明：实施整治工程后,整治河段水流条件得到了明显的改善,水流条件可以满足千吨级船舶的通航要求．