高铁站场PHC桩和CFG桩复合地基工程力学特性分析

对高铁站场咽喉区深厚软土大面积堆载预压下复合地基的工程力学与变形特性开展现场试验研究,分析不同位置和深度的超孔隙水压力、沉降变形以及桩土应力等参数随时间和填土高度的变化规律。研究结果表明：1）高铁站场咽喉区复合地基内的超孔隙水压力随着荷载增加而增大,达到峰值后,随时间延长而逐渐消散,其变化略滞后于荷载的变化;超孔隙水压力的最大值出现在下卧层上部,此处附加应力也较大;在下卧层中,随着深度增加,超孔隙水压力逐渐减小。2）高铁站场咽喉区复合地基由路堤中心向外,桩应力、桩间土应力及桩土应力比总体呈减小趋势。在路堤填筑和预压中,站场咽喉区复合地基桩间土应力向桩传递,桩间土应力逐渐减少,桩顶应力逐渐增大,并逐渐趋于稳定。     

庄行镇水利小包围工程分析

奉贤区庄行镇地处低洼,易受涝灾。随着大暴雨频率增加及地区经济的发展,低洼地区的防洪排涝日显重要,直接影响人民生活关系密切的居民区,更需及时解决排水除涝问题,以确保人民安居乐业。该文在对该地区水情作模型分析的基础上,提出实施水利小包围工程的建设意见,在小范围内彻底解决防洪排涝问题,减少大暴雨造成的损失。     

土质库岸路基内孔隙水压力的计算方法

把土质库岸路基内地下水的渗流状态简化为4种渗流模型,基于渗流力学理论,建立各渗流模型路基内任意点的孔隙水压力计算方法。     

徐圩新区达标尾水排海工程项目运行管理研究

徐圩新区达标尾水排海工程项目作为连云港石化产业基地重要的基础设施,主要解决石化基地各企业污水处理达标后的最终排放问题.达标尾水排海工程项目的 稳定运行是石化基地的重要保障.为此,结合徐圩新区达标尾水排海工程的基本情况,对相关风险点及存在问题进行梳理,并提出运行管理实施方案来指导项目的 运行.     

泥水平衡盾构穿越富水砂砾层施工技术研究

文章依托沈阳地铁十号线11标长青桥站—浑南大道工程,该工程区间全长1.6 km,采用?6240 mm泥水平衡盾构施工,穿越段以富水砂砾层为主,最大粒径110 mm,在施工过程中,通过优化调整刀盘的合理选型和泥浆参数,有效地减少了刀盘的磨损,全程未更换刀具。研究表明:通过分析盾构设计阶段刀盘的选型配置和隧道贯通后刀具的磨损情况,提出了一套有针对性的泥水盾构刀盘配置;通过分析施工掘进参数可知,提高泥浆粘度虽然可以增加泥浆支护效果,但易在盾构刀盘的正面形成泥饼,导致正面砾石无法顺利进入土舱内,进而造成扭矩及推力的异常;通过分析不同粘度、比重下盾构机扭矩及推力的变化,总结了富水砂砾层中泥浆参数的合理指标,对今后类似工程的施工具有借鉴意义。     

东莞至惠州城际轨道交通东江隧道主要工程地质问题研究

东莞至惠州城际轨道交通东江隧道下穿东江,为极高风险隧道。采用地质调绘、钻探、一孔多用(数字式全景钻孔摄像、声波测井)、水文地质试验、土工试验等综合勘察方法,运用岩体完整性系数定量分析岩体的完整性,采用水文地质试验测试含水层的渗透系数,利用裘布依理论公式定量计算隧道涌水量,采用室内试验测试软土力学指标,利用岩石抗压试验定量计算泥岩和泥质粉砂岩的软化系数。依据上述测试成果,研究了东江隧道突涌水、软土大变形、软岩变形、流砂、基坑开挖引发周边地面及建筑物变形、惠州断裂等主要工程地质问题,提出了相应的防治措施建议。研究结论为:东江隧道主要工程地质问题突出,但是可以采取相应的工程措施进行处理。     

港口沉积物控制和管理风险分析及管理建议

为应对外来物种入侵和病原体跨境传播,国际海事组织(IMO)于2004年制定了《国际压载水和沉积物管理和控制公约》。目前的研究主要集中在压载水的管理和控制,压载水沉积物排放、处理、处置和管理体系目前处于空缺状态。文中通过调研和分析比较的方法,了解我国及全球范围内主要港口沉积物处理接收和处置现状,并对可能造成的环境、人员、财产和自然资源的损害进行风险分析,提出相应的对策及管理建议。     

Forecasting the impacts of climate change on inland waterways

Inland waterways are vulnerable to climate change as river navigation depends on water levels. Droughts can severely disrupt inland navigation services by reducing water levels either to completely non-navigable ones or to levels that oblige operators to reduce vessel load. We analyse the impacts of droughts induced by climate change using projections of river discharge data provided by eleven different climate model runs. We consider location specific characteristics by focusing the analysis on four specific locations of the Rhine and the Danube where a substantial part of the total freight activity in the European Union (EU) takes place. For the majority of the cases and scenarios considered, a decrease of the number of low water level days is projected, leading to fewer drought related disruptions in the operation of the inland waterway transport system. Although the uncertainties from the climate projections should not be neglected, the navigation sector could benefit from global warming which means that European inland waterways might be one of the few sectors where climate change can have negligible, or even positive, impact. The average economic benefit, for the cases considered, from the decrease of low water levels by the end of the century is projected to be almost €8million annually.     

Rising Sea Levels: Helping Decision-Makers Confront the Inevitable

Sea-level rise (SLR) is not just a future trend; it is occurring now in most coastal regions across the globe. It thus impacts not only long-range planning in coastal environments, but also emergency preparedness. Its inevitability and irreversibility on long time scales, in addition to its spatial non-uniformity, uncertain magnitude and timing, and capacity to drive non-stationarity in coastal flooding on planning and engineering timescales, create unique challenges for coastal risk-management decision processes. This review assesses past United States federal efforts to synthesize evolving SLR science in support of coastal risk management. In particular, it outlines the: (1) evolution in global SLR scenarios to those using a risk-based perspective that also considers low-probability but high-consequence outcomes, (2) regionalization of the global scenarios, and (3) use of probabilistic approaches. It also describes efforts to further contextualize regional scenarios by combining local mean sea-level changes with extreme water level projections. Finally, it offers perspectives on key issues relevant to the future uptake, interpretation, and application of sea-level change scenarios in decision-making. These perspectives have utility for efforts to craft standards and guidance for preparedness and resilience measures to reduce the risk of coastal flooding and other impacts related to SLR.     

考虑击穿水压的双道密封垫防水机制研究

为研究盾构隧道双道密封垫在防水性能提升上的效果，首先定性分析双道密封垫的防水机制，给出击穿水压概念以及基于弹性力学的密封垫击穿水压数值估算公式； 然后开展双道密封垫试验，对击穿水压数值进行验证，得出影响双道密封垫防水性能的一些因素。研究结果表明： 1）当外界水压大于外道密封垫初始防水能力的1.36倍时，密封垫被完全击穿，丧失残余防水能力； 2）不同的密封垫布置方式会影响双道密封垫的防水能力，在双道密封垫的实际应用中，需要将防水能力更强的密封垫布置在外侧，且双道密封垫的防水能力差距不宜过大； 3）沟槽的结构和尺寸会影响密封垫的防水能力； 4）无论是单道密封垫，还是双道密封垫，无错位量密封垫的防水压力远大于有错位量密封垫的防水压力，因此施工中应采取措施尽量减少错位量。