满堂支架法直腹板现浇箱梁横向抗推研究

满堂支架法作为一种成熟的施工技术手段,目前被大量应用于城市桥梁现浇主梁的施工项目中.具有施工方便、周转时间短和辅助设备少的优点.但对于直腹板现浇箱梁,尤其是主梁较窄的现浇箱梁,由于混凝土侧压力、倾倒混凝土产生的水平荷载以及振捣产生的水平荷载存在,使得腹板处支架存在较大的水平推力,导致整个结构处于危险状态.以某工程项目为...     

基于视频亚像素模板匹配算法的索力试验

针对索结构的索力测试,基于室内试验对比了计算机视觉方法和传统加速度传感器方法,探讨了计算机视觉方法的适用性。研究采用伺服静载锚固试验机张拉单根斜拉索钢绞线,简化模拟索张拉受力状态,通过相机摄影的非接触测量方法测量拉索动态响应,结合亚像素模板匹配算法识别拉索动态变形、基频和索力,并与传统的加速度传感器测试结果进行对比。研究结果表明,计算机视觉方法识别的拉索振动频谱峰值明显,基频识别结果与加速度传感器测试结果基本一致,索力识别结果与实测值相比最大误差不超过6%,具备开展实际结构索力测试的能力。     

线阵CCD油管螺纹测量系统程序开发

基于线阵CCD的油管外螺纹参数检测系统是一种先进的非接触式工业检测系统,包括硬件和软件两部分。针对该系统的重要组成部分———控制、计算程序的设计和开发进行了详细的阐述。该程序的开发基于Windows 2000,开发工具为C Builder 6.0,包括数据采集与存储、滤波、边界点选取、参数计算等多个模块。程序功能完整,界面友好,控制精确,计算结果能够满足测量系统的精度要求。     

基于数码摄影技术的隧道围岩变形非接触量测方法研究

基于数码摄影技术的隧道围岩变形非接触量测法是一种与传统测量完全不同的新方法,具有设备简单、不干扰施工、自动化程度高等特点,能更好地满足现在长大隧道各种技术要求。文章对数码摄影测量技术原理及其实现过程进行了比较全面的研究,并对现场试验获取的测量数据加以分析,得到了较好的结论。该方法为地下工程量测技术开辟了一条新的途径。     

Real time queue length estimation for signalized intersections using travel times from mobile sensors

We study how to estimate real time queue lengths at signalized intersections using intersection travel times collected from mobile traffic sensors. The estimation is based on the observation that critical pattern changes of intersection travel times or delays, such as the discontinuities (i.e., sudden and dramatic increases in travel times) and non-smoothness (i.e., changes of slopes of travel times), indicate signal timing or queue length changes. By detecting these critical points in intersection travel times or delays, the real time queue length can be re-constructed. We first introduce the concept of Queue Rear No-delay Arrival Time which is related to the non-smoothness of queuing delay patterns and queue length changes. We then show how measured intersection travel times from mobile sensors can be processed to generate sample vehicle queuing delays. Under the uniform arrival assumption, the queuing delays reduce linearly within a cycle. The delay pattern can be estimated by a linear fitting method using sample queuing delays. Queue Rear No-delay Arrival Time can then be obtained from the delay pattern, and be used to estimate the maximum and minimum queue lengths of a cycle, based on which the real-time queue length curve can also be constructed. The model and algorithm are tested in a field experiment and in simulation.     

Measurement biases in panel data

The objective of this paper is to examine reporting errors in panel data obtained from multi-day travel diaries. A distinction is made between within and between wave biases. The former leads to an increase in under-reporting associated with the number of days the diary is kept. The latter is related to the number of waves respondents have been participating, so-called panel experience. These biases imply that observed mobility changes between waves are partly due to reporting errors: without controlling for them, changes in mobility can not be inferred from the data. An important cause of these measurement errors is the increase in the number of days on which no trips at all were reported. In addition, shorter trips and less complex chains are more susceptible to underreporting. The methodology used in this paper provides a means of dealing with these problems. Attrition is taken into account by a rather simple measure. The paper concludes with a number of suggestions for sample and survey design.     

盾构施工参数对地铁穿越公路桥梁桩基的影响

为了提升地铁穿越公路桥梁桩基的稳定性,考察了盾构施工过程中开挖步数、掌子面推力和注浆压力对桩基变形的影响.结果表明,随着开挖步数的增加,桩基横向水平位移与桩身埋深关系曲线逐渐转变为"鼓凸"状,且随着开挖步数增加,桩基横向水平位移呈现逐渐增大的趋势.掌子面推力不会对桩基横向位移造成明显影响,但随着掌子面推力逐渐增大,桩基...     

基于桥梁单元刚度损伤识别的新型间接量测方法研究

基于移动车辆在桥梁上运行来测试桥梁基频的间接量测法已经获得实桥的验证,提出一种新型间接量测法,该方法有别于牵引车拖动测试车辆一直运行并同步采集信号的传统间接量测方式,需牵引车同时拖动固定间距的前、后2辆测试车辆前行,并在固定点静止采集少许时间后,继续重复操作至测试车辆通行整跨桥梁,利用测试车辆上采集的信号,计算整跨桥梁...     

基于ATmega16芯片的车用倒车测距系统设计

利用超声测距工作原理,以ATmega16单片机为主控芯片,采用超声波测距模块,数码管显示模块和蜂鸣器报警模块搭建的近距离报警系统,详细地叙述了各模块之间的控制电路和软件设计方案,实现系统实时显示汽车尾部与障碍物之间距离,并根据不同的距离发出不同频率蜂鸣的功能,达到提醒人员提高注意力的目的.测试结果表明测量精度达到1cm...     

Dynamics of the railway track and the underlying soil: the boundary-element solution, theoretical results and their experimental verification

A combined finite-element boundary-element method is presented in detail to calculate the dynamic interaction of the railway track and the underlying soil. A number of results are shown for ballasted and slab track, demonstrating the influence of the stiffness of the soil and the rail pads on the vertical compliance of the track. The compliance of the track is combined with a simple model of the vehicle giving the transfer function of vehicle-track interaction. An experimental verification of the theoretical results is achieved by harmonic and impulse excitation with and without static (train-) load and by combined measurements of train-track-soil interaction. A clear vehicle-track resonance is found for the slab track with elastic rail pads and for higher frequencies at highspeed traffic, the dynamic axle loads due to sleeper passage are reduced.