高强混凝土应用概述

简要介绍了高强混凝土的特点、配制技术、施工要点     

粘土路基施工中过湿土的处理

通过工程实例,介绍了取土场含水量高时集中取土的施工方法,对过湿土的处理措施进行了论述。     

浅谈季冻区桥涵基础的冻害与防治

简要介绍季节性冻土地区桥梁的常见冻害现象产生的原因和防治的措施。     

升流式厌氧污泥床反应器结构优化模型及其应用

根据升流式厌氧污泥床（ＵＡＳＢ）反应器的简化流型,建立了其结构优化模型,通过求解并分析,得到如下结构：（１）在反应器结构设计中,为了提高容积效率,应着力于反应器布水装置和三相分离器的技术开发;（２）由于常规ＵＡＢＳ反应器在提高水力负荷上难有突破,故应开发ＵＡＳＢ反应器与其它工艺结构的组合形式。     

关于水泥标准稠度用水量测定方法的分析探讨

针对现行规范JTJ053-94中T0502-94关于标准稠度用水量测定方法有关条款在实际执行过程中产生的一些理解误区进行了分析探讨．并提出了自己的一些建议以供参考．     

挖方路基过湿土处治技术的试验研究

为了探讨处治挖方路基过湿土经济适用的方法 ,对其分别进行了换填、石灰处治、塑料网格加筋等室内外试验 ,得出了处治前后过湿土物理力学指标的变化情况 .结果表明 ,采用上述三种处治方法 ,尤其是换填和塑料网格加筋 ,能获得较好的效果 .     

秦岭隧道排出水化学异常对地表水质影响评价

为评价隧道施工和排出水对地表水体水质的影响,对两条河流的水质进行了监测。现以饮用水水质都分因子为标准,将地表水水质划分为3个级别,并采用模糊综合评判法和灰色模型法对3个监测断面的地表水水质进行了综合评价,结果表明,两条河流水质良好,基本未受隧道施工及排出水的影响。     

大阻力配水系统的水头变化问题探讨

从沿途泄流管道的能能分配出发,对其作用水头的确定进行了分析,并对大阻力配水系统的水头变化进行了探讨,结果表明,对沿途均匀泄流管道来说,其作用水头不能仅以压头为计算依据,而应以总水头为准,正是由于这一差异,使文献[1]、[2]对大阻力配水系统的水头变化及孔口出流量大小的结论是错误的,并指出了导致错误的原因。     

FPSO/FSO: State of the art

Floating productions systems have been utilized in remote offshore areas without a pipeline infrastructure for many years. However, they have become even more important with the push by the offshore industry into ever deeper waters. Floating production, storage, and offloading/floating storage and offloading (FPSO/FSO) systems have now become one of most commercially viable concepts for remote or deep-water oilfield developments. In this article, the advantages of FPSO systems are explained, and their present status of maturity and utilization around the world is reviewed. Recent trends in mooring systems, hull construction, safety, and operational issues are summarized from a technical viewpoint. Finally, the technical challenges and future prospects of two significant growth areas, i.e., gas-field development and deep-water development, are discussed. Received: June 24, 2002 / Accepted: July 17, 2002 Address correspondence to: Y. Shimamura (shimamura@modec.co.jp)     

The Dead Sea hydrography from 1992 to 2000

The modern hydrological regime of the Dead Sea is strongly affected by anthropogenic activity. The natural fresh water budget has changed mainly due to the drastic reduction of runoff. Since 1977, the surface level of the Dead Sea has been lowered by an average rate of about 60 cm/year and for the period from 1998 to 2000, the lowering rate has reached about 100 cm/year. As a result of the runoff reduction, the upper layer salinity of the Dead Sea has increased and the gravitational stability of the water body was diminished. Eventually, during the winter of 1978–1979, the lake waters overturned, bringing to an end the long-term stable meromictic¹ hydrological regime. The lake entered a new phase in which its hydrological regime switches between holomictic and meromictic regimes, depending on the size of the runoff into the lake (i.e. the amount of precipitation in the lake's watershed). The first holomictic period, 1979–1980, lasted for 2 months only. It was succeeded by a 4-year meromictic period (1980–1983). The second holomictic period lasted for 9 years (1983–1991). The rainy winter of 1991–1992 resulted in an almost 2-m sea level rise. The upper layer with a relatively low salinity was restored and a new meromictic period persisted for 4 years, until winter 1995–1996. During the last meromictic period, the hydrological regime of the Dead Sea was characterized by following long-term trends: the depth of the summer thermocline increased from 12–15 to 25–30 m; the quasi-salinity of the upper layer, initially of about 164 kg/m³, increased rapidly at a rate of about 16–18 kg/m³/year; the quasi-salinity of the deep water, initially of about 235 kg/m³, decreased slowly at a rate of about 0.08–0.10 kg/m³/year (for the sake of comparison, a quasi salinity of 235 kg/m³ is the equivalent of 280‰ “usual” salinity); and the winter minimal temperature of the upper layer, initially of about 16 °C, increased rapidly at a rate of about 2 °C/year. In November 1995, the latest meromictic period of the Dead Sea came to an end. During the present holomictic period, 1996–2000, the hydrological regime of the Dead Sea is also characterized by long-term trends: the quasi-salinity of the entire Dead Sea increased at a rate of about 0.5 kg/m³/year, with practically no decrease during the winters; the temperature of the deep water mass increased with a rate of about 0.25 °C/year; and the period of vertical convection of the entire water column, initially about 3 months, increased at a rate of about 1 week/year. Moreover, we observed that the temperature and salinity of the bottom layer in the deepest part of the Dead Sea raised by about 0.5–0.6 °C and 0.15–0.25 kg/m³ during each holomictic summer.