WEL—TEN780A高强钢及焊接接头疲劳裂纹扩展速率

依据ＧＢ６３９８－８６,采用紧凑拉伸试样,对ＷＥＬ－ＴＥＮ７８０Ａ钢及其用Ｌ－８０ＳＮ焊条手工电弧焊焊接接头的焊缝和热影响区的疲劳裂纹扩展速率进行了研究。结果表明：在相同的疲劳循环载荷作用下,热影响区疲劳裂纹扩展速率高于母材和焊缝,焊缝金属具有最低裂纹扩展速率。     

预留打磨量和打磨温度对钢轨铝热焊接头平直度的影响

首先分析了铝热焊接头焊缝低塌的原因,然后通过现场试验测量初打磨后接头的最高温度、不同终打磨温度下焊缝中心低塌量以及接头冷却过程中温度的变化,分析初打磨轨顶焊筋的预留打磨量、终打磨温度对铝热焊接头焊后平直度的影响。结果表明:焊接60 kg/m钢轨铝热焊接头时,初打磨后轨顶焊筋应预留1.3 mm以上的打磨量;终打磨温度越低焊缝低塌量越小,随终打磨温度降低焊缝低塌量减小幅度逐渐变缓,终打磨温度为300℃时焊缝低塌量较小,终打磨温度低于200℃时焊缝无低塌现象;采用"初打磨+终打磨"的打磨方式可避免铝热焊接头焊缝低塌,提高打磨效率。     

Carbody elastic vibrations of high-speed vehicles caused by bogie hunting instability

In particular locations of the high-speed track, the worn wheel profile matched up with the worn rail profile will lead to an extremely high-conicity wheel–rail contact. Consequently, the bogie hunting instability arises, which further results in the so-called carbody shaking phenomenon. In this paper, the carbody elastic vibrations of a high-speed vehicle in service are firstly introduced. Modal tests are conducted to identity the elastic modes of the carbody. The ride comfort and running safety indices for the tested vehicle are evaluated. The rigid–flexible coupling dynamic model for the high-speed passenger car is then developed by using the FE and MBS coupling approach. The rail profiles in those particular locations are measured and further integrated into the simulation model to reproduce the bogie hunting and carbody elastic vibrations. The effects of wheel and rail wear on the vehicle system response, e.g. wheelset bifurcation graph and carbody vibrations, are studied. Two improvement measures, including the wheel profile modification and rail grinding, are proposed to provide possible solutions. It is found that the wheel–rail contact conicity can be lowered by decreasing wheel flange thickness or grinding rail corner, which is expected to improve the bogie hunting stability under worn rail and worn wheel conditions. The carbody elastic vibrations caused by bogie hunting instability can be further restrained.     

Influence of the welding sequence on residual stress and distortion of fillet welded structures

T-joints are one of the most common welded joints used in the construction of offshore structures, including ships and platforms. In the present study, a sequentially coupled thermo-mechanical finite element model that considers temperature-dependent material properties, high temperature effects and a moving volumetric heat source was used to investigate the effect of welding sequence on the residual stresses and distortions in T-joint welds. The parameters of Goldak's double ellipsoidal heat source model were predicted using a neural network. The numerical models were successfully validated by the experimental tests. The results show that the welding sequences have significant effects on the residual stresses and distortions, both in the magnitude and distribution mode. The optimization of the welding sequences should be investigated numerically or experimentally before the construction welded structure.     

药芯焊丝自保护焊在长输管道施工中的应用

介绍了药芯焊丝自保护下向焊技术.通过反复试验和在工程中的实际应用,分析不同工艺参数及操作手法对焊接质量的影响,制定了合理的焊接工艺匹配参数,并确定了恰当的焊接操作手法.同时,也简要介绍了焊前准备、组对、层间清渣、设备计量及工序控制等对焊接质量的影响.根据该技术在长输管道工程中的应用,指明药芯焊丝自保护焊技术的发展与完善将是我国大口径长输管道焊接技术的发展方向.     

汽车后桥焊缝的快速设计方法

在汽车行业为了缩短设计周期、降低成本、制造出质高价廉的创新车型,提出了采用快速设计方法来完成汽车后桥的焊缝设计。在设计过程中,重新定义了焊缝长度,提出了后桥焊缝承载评价标准和变形控制评价标准。先对后桥进行数学建模,开展了后桥热弹塑性有限元分析,进行焊缝安全系数的校核和焊接变形预测。研究结果表明：采用快速设计法大大缩短了后桥焊缝设计周期,提高了设计效率,降低了产品的设计成本,同时保证了设计的可靠性。     

朔黄重载铁路线路设备合理修理周期研究北大核心

基于朔黄铁路线路设备维修现状,通过理论分析、室内试验和现场测试探讨适用于该铁路线路设备的修理周期。结果表明:直线区段钢轨大修周期为1 390~1 650 Mt通过总质量;半径400~1 500 m曲线区段钢轨换轨周期为300~800 Mt通过总质量;建议在通过总质量达到60 Mt前进行预防性钢轨打磨,通过总质量超过150 Mt时进行修理性钢轨打磨;直线区段扣件更换周期与钢轨大修周期相同;道床每年捣固2~3遍,25、30 t轴重条件下通过总质量分别达到1 300~1 500 Mt、1 200~1 300 Mt时进行道床清筛。     

船底主要支撑构件焊缝研究

参照钢结构中角焊缝设计方法,得出主要支撑构件角焊缝强度校核准则。通过有限元法与计算模型法求出一艘单壳散货船船底主要支撑构件焊缝的应力。计算结果表明,CSR-BC规范中此处焊接系数的设置满足强度要求,且两种算法计算出的焊缝应力数值相近;对验证现行CSR-BC规范焊脚高度的安全性以及优化焊接系数规格表具有一定参考价值。     

CMT冷金属过渡技术在管道外部根焊中的应用

在长输油气管道的焊接施工中,管道的根部打底焊接质量非常重要.与过去传统的根焊相比,应用CMT(cold metal transfer)冷金属过渡技术,在管道焊接尤其是管道的外部根焊上,焊接质量和焊接效率得到了非常大的提升,可以获得良好的焊接效果.介绍了CMT系统的组成以及技术特点,应用结果表明该方案具有可行性.     

基于熔宽的激光焊缝超声波检测成像分析

利用超声波检测技术对不锈钢搭接焊缝质量进行了评估研究.使用二维阵列式探头对激光焊缝进行了检测,分析了不同熔合区域对A扫描回波信号的影响,并对熔合区域进行了C扫描成像.基于熔合特征信息提出了等效熔宽的概念,利用统计方法建立了等效熔宽的数学计算模型.结果 表明,该模型的计算精度能够充分满足实际工程应用需要.