海上风机支撑结构的时域和频域疲劳对比研究

对海上风机支撑结构进行动力响应分析,求出结构危险节点的载荷谱和功率谱密度函数,结合疲劳损伤模型和Dirlik概率模型,分别在时域和频域内对支撑结构进行疲劳寿命分析.由于时域法计算疲劳寿命需进行应力循环计数,这一过程需处理的数据庞大,耗时长.频域法省去应力循环计数,代之以概率密度函数,可相对准确、快速地计算结构的疲劳寿命.分析结果表明,采用Dirlik概率模型的频域分析法能较准确地反映海上风机支撑结构在随机载荷作用下的疲劳损伤情况,计算结果误差在可接受范围内.     

考虑残余应力效应的深潜器耐压壳体疲劳研究

本文考虑焊接残余应力的影响,给出包含裂纹萌生和裂纹扩展全过程的载人深潜器耐压球壳疲劳寿命预报方法,分别基于局部应力-应变法和能计及负应力比效应的裂纹扩展单一曲线模型预报了耐压球壳的工艺疲劳寿命和使用疲劳寿命,研究焊接残余应力大小对球壳疲劳寿命的影响。结果表明,忽略拉伸残余应力的影响将导致疲劳寿命预测结果偏于危险;耐压球壳整体受压时,拉伸残余应力使得球壳局部区域承受拉-压循环载荷,计算使用疲劳寿命过程中须考虑其影响;降低拉伸残余应力可有效提高耐压球壳的疲劳寿命。     

液氨储罐角焊缝在线相控阵检验技术

文中针对液氨储罐定期检验不开罐的特点,通过对相控阵超声成像检测技术的研究,设计了4块角焊缝试板,共8处裂纹缺陷,通过设定检测参数,确定了实验参数和检测方案,检测出了预制的8处裂纹,并与DR检测成像进了比对,得到了较好的检测效果,对于将超声相控阵检验技术用于实际检测具有借鉴意义。     

贮存系统的联合维修策略

为了保证贮存系统的可用性,需要对其故障与否进行检测,针对该问题提出了包含定期检查和预先更换的维修策略。为了协调部件更换和备件供应,联合考虑了连续检查的（0,1）订货策略,所以联合维修策略包括维修策略和备件供应策略。基于联合策略建立了一个规划模型,在满足可用度约束条件下最小化平均总费用。基于更新过程,推导了贮存系统服从一般寿命分布的性能指标。以威布尔寿命分布为例,结果表明联合策略比独立策略更有效。     

确定性联合补充库存问题的EXCEL规划求解法

提出求解确定性联合补充库存问题的新方法——EXCEL规划求解法：通过数学运算将非线性混合整数规划模型转化为整数线性规划模型,然后在EXCEL中通过“规划求解”工具求最优解．通过算例验证,结果表明该方法不但能有效解决此类问题,而且更简单、更直观、更实用．     

连云港庙岭三期突堤砂被堤工程施工工艺

根据连云港庙岭三期的特殊情况,采用了砂被筑堤法。介绍了连云港庙岭三期突堤砂被堤工程的概况,从砂桩打设、吹填砂被模袋混凝土护坡等几个方面介绍了砂被堤施工的工艺流程。陈述了施工中出现的技术问题和解决方法以及对原施工工艺的改进。这一工艺取得了良好的施工效果。     

Numerical simulations of fatigue crack initiation and propagation based on re-tensile plastic zone generating load criterion for in-plane gusset welded joints

Many accidents are caused by fatigue in welded built-up steel structures, and so it is important to estimate the fatigue lives of such structures quantitatively for safety reasons. By assuming that fatigue cracks cannot grow without an accumulation of alternating tensile/compressional plastic strain, one of the authors identified an improved effective stress intensity factor range ΔK _RPG based on the re-tensile plastic zone generating (RPG) load, which represents the driving force for fatigue cracks, and suggested that ΔK _RPG should be used as the parameter to describe fatigue crack growth behavior. The “FLARP” numerical simulation code in which ΔK _RPG is implemented as the fatigue crack growth parameter, was developed in order to predict fatigue crack initiation and propagation behavior. In this paper, it is demonstrated that FLARP gives accurate estimates for fatigue life by comparing the estimated fatigue crack growth curves and S–N curves with the experimental results for in-plane gusset welded joints, which are used in many welded steel structures. Moreover, the effect of induced bending moment due to the linear misalignment in the out of plane direction on the fatigue strength of in-plane gusset welded joints is investigated through numerical simulations.     

Workspace analysis to generate a collision-free torch path for a ship welding robot

We propose a method to determine the optimal initial location and to generate torch paths for a ship welding robot with 6 degrees of freedom (DOF). The optimal initial location is determined using an objective function, which is set up by combining constraints on the torch posture, manipulability, and the range of each joint angle to avoid collisions. A genetic algorithm (GA) is used to optimize the objective function because it does not require additional derivatives. After the initial location is determined, torch paths are generated by interpolating the starting point, endpoints and torch postures using inverse kinematics. Our method can be applied to automate the welding job for each block during ship building, irrespective of the shape of the robots, by changing the objective function.     

T型焊接接头疲劳性能研究

T型焊接接头在船舶与海洋工程结构中广泛应用,研究T型焊接接头的疲劳性能对于提高船舶与海洋工程结构的强度具有重要意义.针对工程中常用的四种焊趾形式的T型焊接接头,利用有限元计算和模型试验两种方法对其疲劳性能进行了研究.结果表明,平面型焊趾是较优的T型接头焊趾形式.     

LNG船疲劳强度评估及低温影响的讨论

以某LNG船为研究对象,建立三舱段有限元模型,并根据美国船级社薄膜型LNG船体结构疲劳强度指南,基于SN曲线法的疲劳积累损伤原理,分别采用名义应力和热点应力法,对船体典型节点进行疲劳强度评估,同时对计算结果进行分析;讨论低温下材料性能改变对节点疲劳寿命评估的影响。研究表明,采用常温下SN曲线进行LNG船疲劳强度评估是合适的。