重庆市交通行业市场制度建设现状与问题分析

针对重庆市交通行业的市场制度建设现状进行深入的总结分析,并结合当前重庆交通行业管理运作模式存在的主要问题,从交通基础设施建设领域、交通基础设施养护领域、交通运输领域三个方面进行深入探讨,找出问题存在的根源,提出相关改革的政策措施建议,对于重庆交通行业发展具有重要的指导作用。     

The costs and benefits of reducing SO2 emissions from ships in the US West Coastal waters

Potential costs and benefits of policy options for reducing offshore ship pollution are examined using a meta-analysis of studies synthesized regionally for the US West Coast. Net benefits of reducing SO₂ emissions from cargo ships in the US West Coast waters are found to range between $98 million and $284 million, annually; the benefit–cost ratio varies between 1.8 and 3.36, depending on the size of the control area and the sulfur content limit. The results show that about 21,000 tons of on-land equivalent SO₂ emissions or about 33% of SO₂ emissions from all mobile sources in California in 2005 can be reduced annually if the US West Coast exclusive economic zone is designated as an International Maritime Organization-compliant SO_x emission control area (SECA) with fuel-sulfur content not exceeding 1.5%. The analysis demonstrates that designating this area reduces more emissions than establishing a smaller zone at a lower but favorable benefit-cost ratio. Control measures that require 0.5% low-sulfur fuels reduce more SO₂ emissions, and also may have higher net benefits. Technological alternatives may achieve benefits of emissions reductions on the US West Coast across higher ranges of potential fuel prices. Combinations of fuel switching and control technology strategies provide the most cost-effective benefits from SECAs on the US West Coast and other world regions.     

策克铁路口岸信息平台建设

策克铁路口岸建成之后,进出口作业量大幅提高。信息平台的建设有利于提高通关速度,保证进出口贸易的顺畅。从建设策克铁路口岸信息平台的需求、功能、结构等方面进行分析,确定信息平台的总体规划布局,并指明其对策克铁路口岸进出口作业的意义。     

关于赴日本参加2015年国际野生动物管理学大会的报告

为了跟踪国际道路生态学最新发展趋势,了解东亚邻国在道路生态学领域的最新进展,交 通运输部科学研究院派团出席在日本北海道举行的2015 年国际野生动物管理学大会“道路生态学 分论坛”和“道路生态学圆桌会议”。期间,交通运输部科学研究院代表团与加拿大、德国、韩 国、日本、新加坡、中国台湾等国家和地区的道路生态学家们进行了广泛而深入的交流,并展示 了交通运输部科学研究院在长白山区道路野生动物保护领域取得的成果。会后,与会人员共同考 察了日本北海道道路野生动物保护示范工程,包括Doto 高速公路、Obihiro-Hiroo 高速公路、国道 235 和国道236。通过本次出访,我们认为：道路野生动物保护已经成为道路生态学研究的重要内 容,在东亚地区受到了广泛重视,但整体仍存在诸多不足,我国有望在道路生态学的发展方面做 出决定性贡献。     

论国际贸易与环境规则——兼评区域性国际组织对WTO的影响

国际贸易与环境保护是当今世界关注的焦点,在可持续发展原则得到国际社会普遍认同的情况下,诸多区域性国际组织都在不同程度上采取行动来动调二关系。本对欧盟、北美自由贸易区,以及亚太地区的代表性国际组织在这方面的实践进行探讨,并分析了它们的实践对WTO的影响,最后指出,作为世界性多边贸易体系的基础,WTO只能限于协调对成员国产生重大影响的环境政策,发展中国家应用积极的应对策略。     

海南自由贸易港背景下航运新特征对海事管理的要求及对策研究

随着海南自由贸易港建设的深入推进,我国将在海南实施更加开放的航运政策,建立与国际接轨的国际船舶登记制度,海南航运业将呈现新的特征.作者对海南自由贸易港建设背景下海南航运进行了展望,分析了未来海事管理工作面临的新考验,并提出海事部门要强化自身建设,不断推进海事治理能力和治理体系现代化,以适应高速发展的航运经济.     

Impacts of trade liberalization on Chinese economy with Belt and Road initiative

China has been continuously implementing the open-door policy for past 15 years ever since it joined the World Trade Organization, which escalated international trade and demand for shipping. Compared with the other major importing countries in the world, China’s importing tariff is relatively low. Under the Belt and Road initiatives, more Free Trade Agreements to be concluded and more Free Trade Zones to be established, it is expected that the effective import tariff rate may continue to decrease in the future. This study analyses the impact of further reduction in Chinese import tariff rate on major economic indicators using a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model and based on the Chinese macro-economic data of 2012. The model results show that, with a balanced international payment, such a reduction can increase GDP, resident consumption, both imports and exports, and reduce GDP price, trade surplus, and government revenue. The results ease the concern that further import tariff reduction may harm the domestic production. Rather, it points out that there are still rooms to improve national economy and increase the consumer utility by trade liberation.     

Are AIS-based trade volume estimates reliable? The case of crude oil exports

Most global trade statistics in the public domain refer to official customs data, which are not generally available on a micro (individual cargo) level. With the increasing availability and completeness of ship positioning data from the global Automated Identification System (AIS), it is possible to derive more timely and detailed trade statistics for homogeneous commodity groups. The objective of this article is twofold: (1) to compare the accuracy of AIS-derived trade statistics to official customs data in the crude oil market and (2) to add a breakdown of trade by vessel size over time. We find that while AIS-derived data for seaborne crude exports show good alignment with official export numbers in aggregate, there are substantial temporal and geographical differences across countries and time due to the use of pipelines and transshipment in parts of the supply chain. We highlight the challenges in properly structuring and aggregating micro-level cargo data. Our findings are important for the proper derivation of shipping demand from trade data.     

中美贸易逆差、相关利益集团与美国对华反倾销

本文以中美贸易逆差和美国国内相关利益集团为切入点分析了美国对华反倾销问题,指出美国日益增长的贸易赤字加强了美国贸易当局在执行反倾销法律的过程中的贸易保护主义倾向,认为维护保护主义集团的利益在美国在对华反倾销的执行过程中的所起的作用巨大,并建立了一个以中美贸易逆差和美国失业率为解释变量的计量模型,具体量化了中美贸易逆差和相关利益集团在美国对华反倾销中的影响程度.     

物流企业在中国-东盟自由贸易区内运营财务核算问题研究

文章通过对当前物流企业财务核算体系存在的问题进行分析,探讨了加强物流企业在东盟自由贸易区内运营财务核算的必要性,提出了建立物流企业在东盟自由贸易区内运营财务核算的对策。