冰区航行船舶推进轴系扭转振动研究

本文以低速柴油机船舶推进轴系为研究对象,在对4叶螺旋桨单片桨叶与冰块相互作用激励力矩时域曲线基础之上,得到螺旋桨与冰块作用的总激励力矩时域曲线和频域曲线；采用集总参数法和系统矩阵法分别构建轴系振动模型和振动方程,对未考虑冰载荷和考虑冰载荷激励力矩作用下进行了轴系振动理论计算；同时通过实船测试验证了未考虑冰载荷激励力矩作用时振动数学模型和理论分析方法的正确性,对降低船舶轴系振动和提高船舶安全性具有一定的理论指导意义。     

浅埋隧道爆破施工中邻近框架结构的振动响应分析

为研究隧道爆破作用下邻近框架结构的振动响应机制，以某5层框架结构住宅楼为例，借助ANSYS/LS-DYNA建立基于隧道爆破-围岩-框架结构的三维耦合数值计算模型，分析隧道爆破施工中邻近框架结构的振动响应。研究结果表明： 数值模拟清晰地展示了隧道爆破作用下围岩和框架结构应力场、位移场的变化情况，给出了爆破振动波从围岩至框架结构的传播过程。通过对比实测测点与数值模拟中对应测点的振动速度时程曲线和频率分布，验证了数值模拟方法的可靠性。在隧道爆破作用下，邻近框架结构梁、柱以及外墙等构件的振动响应并不一致，随结构高度呈现出不同的变化规律。此外，应力集中现象主要发生在建筑物底层外墙、外墙与柱结合处、外墙与梁结合处以及外墙与楼板结合处等非承重部位，表明这些部位更易在隧道爆破过程中发生损伤开裂。     

Vertical random vibration analysis of vehicle–track coupled system using Green's function method

A vertical vehicle–track coupled dynamic model, consisting of a high-speed train on a continuously supported rail, is established in the frequency-domain. The solution is obtained efficiently by use of the Green's function method, which can determine the vibration response over a wide range of frequency without any limitations due to modal truncation. Moreover, real track irregularity spectra can be used conveniently as input. The effect of the flexibility of both track and car body on the entire vehicle–track coupled dynamic response is investigated. A multi-body model of a vehicle with either rigid or flexible car body is defined running on three kinds of track: a rigid rail, a track stiffness model and a Timoshenko beam model. The results show that neglecting the track flexibility leads to an overestimation of both the contact force and the whole vehicle vibration response. The car body flexibility affects the ride quality of the vehicle and the coupling through the track and can be significant in certain frequency ranges. Finally, the effect of railpad and ballast stiffness on the vehicle–track coupled vibration is analysed, indicating that the stiffness of the railpad has an influence on the system in a higher frequency range than the ballast.     

Dynamic model for the wheel–rail contact friction

Accurately estimating the coefficient of friction (CoF) is essential in modelling railroad dynamics, reducing maintenance costs, and increasing safety in rail operations. The typical assumption of a constant CoF is widely used in theoretical studies; however, it has been noticed that the CoF is not constant, but rather depends on various dynamic parameters and instantaneous conditions. In this paper, we present a newly developed three-dimensional nonlinear CoF model for the dry rail condition and test the CoF variation using this model with estimated dynamic parameters. The wheel–rail is modelled as a mass–spring–damper system to simulate the basic wheel–rail dynamics. Although relatively simple, this model is considered sufficient for the purpose of this study. Simulations are performed at a train speed of 20 m/s using rail roughness as an excitation source. The model captures the CoF extremes and illustrates its nonlinear behaviour and instantaneous dependence on several structural and dynamic parameters.     

Investigation of the effects of sleeper-passing impacts on the high-speed train

The sleeper-passing impact has always been considered negligible in normal conditions, while the experimental data obtained from a High-speed train in a cold weather expressed significant sleeper-passing impacts on the axle box, bogie frame and car body. Therefore, in this study, a vertical coupled vehicle/track dynamic model was developed to investigate the sleeper-passing impacts and its effects on the dynamic performance of the high-speed train. In the model, the dynamic model of vehicle is established with 10 degrees of freedom. The track model is formulated with two rails supported on the discrete supports through the finite element method. The contact forces between the wheel and rail are estimated using the non-linear Hertz contact theory. The parametric studies are conducted to analyse effects of both the vehicle speeds and the discrete support stiffness on the sleeper-passing impacts. The results show that the sleeper-passing impacts become extremely significant with the increased support stiffness of track, especially when the frequencies of sleeper-passing impacts approach to the resonance frequencies of wheel/track system. The damping of primary suspension can effectively lower the magnitude of impacts in the resonance speed ranges, but has little effect on other speed ranges. Finally, a more comprehensively coupled vehicle/track dynamic model integrating with a flexible wheel set is developed to discuss the sleeper-passing-induced flexible vibration of wheel set.     

Influence of some vehicle and track parameters on the environmental vibrations induced by railway traffic

A study is performed on the influence of some typical railway vehicle and track parameters on the level of ground vibrations induced in the neighbourhood. The results are obtained from a previously validated simulation framework considering in a first step the vehicle/track subsystem and, in a second step, the response of the soil to the forces resulting from the first analysis. The vehicle is reduced to a simple vertical 3-dof model, corresponding to the superposition of the wheelset, the bogie and the car body. The rail is modelled as a succession of beam elements elastically supported by the sleepers, lying themselves on a flexible foundation representing the ballast and the subgrade. The connection between the wheels and the rails is realised through a non-linear Hertzian contact. The soil motion is obtained from a finite/infinite element model. The investigated vehicle parameters are its type (urban, high speed, freight, etc.) and its speed. For the track, the rail flexural stiffness, the railpad stiffness, the spacing between sleepers and the rail and sleeper masses are considered. In all cases, the parameter value range is defined from a bibliographic browsing. At the end, the paper proposes a table summarising the influence of each studied parameter on three indicators: the vehicle acceleration, the rail velocity and the soil velocity. It namely turns out that the vehicle has a serious influence on the vibration level and should be considered in prediction models.     

基于船舶轴系扭振的船用主机气缸动力输出平衡性分析

基于船用柴油机气缸动力输出平衡性评价的基础理论,对某船开展实船轴系扭振测试,在对轴系扭振时域波形图和扭振数据进行分析和计算的基础上,得出该船主机气缸动力输出不平衡变化曲线及相关结论,为进一步应用船舶轴系扭振进行船用柴油机气缸动力输出平衡性研究提供参考。     

地铁车站结构随机振动响应分析

基于地震反应的随机非确定性,运用基于概率统计方法的随机振动理论进行结构抗震分析,考察结构的动力可靠度,是一种合理的设计方法。运用虚拟激励法对青岛地铁五四广场站进行随机振动分析,避免了传统方法计算的冗繁,得到了具有统计意义的结构动力响应。考虑x向功率谱输入时,弯矩分布较为均匀;地铁结构体型变化较大的部位剪力明显增大;柱底剪力较小,边跨柱剪力小于中跨柱底剪力。考虑y向功率谱函数输入时,沿梁轴向剪力值逐渐增大,柱底剪力明显大于x向输入时的柱底剪力,边跨柱柱底剪力大于中跨柱底剪力。所得结论为地铁站这一复杂结构形式进行基于可靠度理论的设计提供了依据,可以作为同类设计的参考指导。     

船体振动响应预报

利用有限元技术对船体总振动、上层建筑整体和各层甲板局部自由振动频率及上层建筑振动响应进行了预报。介绍了用于振动计算的单层甲板模型、尾部上层建筑模型、全船模型和简化全船模型及应用实例。研究了上层建筑和船体之间的耦合影响，并根据具体算例对各种模型化方法的效果进行了评价。     

Dynamics of the railway track and the underlying soil: the boundary-element solution, theoretical results and their experimental verification

A combined finite-element boundary-element method is presented in detail to calculate the dynamic interaction of the railway track and the underlying soil. A number of results are shown for ballasted and slab track, demonstrating the influence of the stiffness of the soil and the rail pads on the vertical compliance of the track. The compliance of the track is combined with a simple model of the vehicle giving the transfer function of vehicle-track interaction. An experimental verification of the theoretical results is achieved by harmonic and impulse excitation with and without static (train-) load and by combined measurements of train-track-soil interaction. A clear vehicle-track resonance is found for the slab track with elastic rail pads and for higher frequencies at highspeed traffic, the dynamic axle loads due to sleeper passage are reduced.